Study of thermophysical characteristics of natural and synthetical furnace slag was made. The dependence of changing enthalpy and thermal capacity of slag in the temperature interval from 293 to 1273 K was determined using the method of qualitative thermal analysis. The method of determining the coefficients of thermal conductivity of materials was improved according to thermogram of the cylindrical sample heating. In this procedure the thermal coefficients of blast furnace slag were determined. By using the coefficients of thermal conductivity and predefined values of the specific thermal capacity the dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature and content of titanium oxide (TiO2 ) in slag was discovered. The obtained data can be used to optimize the operating parameters of existing processing facilities of reprocessing blast slag.The obtained data can be used in the design of new facilities, as well as to determine the optimal heating and cooling during the heat treatment of cast slag products. 

Hex tube from steel with a high content of boron, which is a material of construction for the manufacture of racks for storage of spent nuclear fuel, was produced. It has been shown that the steel has a completely satisfactory technological plasticity for profi ling rolling (drawing) in a circular tube as in the hexagonal at elevated and at room temperature. 

The article presents the physicomathematical model of thermo-stressed state of steel forming rolls, hardened after the induction electric heating. The model is implemented by numerical calculation of number of interrelated nonlinear heat conduction and thermoviscoelastivity equations taking into account the kinetics of phase transformation of austenite and specific character of forming rolls induction heating. The comparison of calculated values of voltage in the forming roll with 210 mm in diameter with the test data obtained by Sacha method confirms the adequacy of the mathematical model. 

The experimental data about the thermodynamics of elements behavior in the chromium-base alloys are absent, so it has been offered to estimate those ones by transferring from iron-base alloys. The heats of dissolution of elements, the activity coefficients of elements, the molar interaction parameters of elements, the free energy change (ΔGг˚) for reactions of deoxidation, nitride-, carbide-, sulphide- and borideforming in сhromium-base melts have been calculated and are presented in tables. The recommendations about the rational select of the strengthening phases in chromium-base alloys are given. 

The results of studies on the influence of the method of supplying the melt by using gravity fi lling cups with offset output channels on the uniformity of the velocity distribution of the flow of the melt, heat transfer, the uniformity of growth of the solid crust are described with the qualitative indicators of cast metal. Engineered glasses of oval cross-section are recommended for casting of billets of rectangular cross-section. Practical tests have shown that a uniform distribution of the flow of the melt in the mold of billets is possible through the use of developed design of the glasses of oval cross-section with respect to the total area of all output channels to the cross-sectional area, i.e. metal wire of 1.7 to 2.0. 

The comparative study of the influence of the modifying oxide ultrafine powders of refractory metals and cryolite on the structure and deformation behavior of cast gray iron SCH25 (Russian grade) was carried out. It was shown that the modification of cast iron by ultrafine particles of titanium oxide, zirconium oxide (containing impurities Nb, Hf, Mg, Fe, Cr, Sr, Mo not more than 5 %) and cryo-lite lead to significant changes of the distribution of flake graphite in the matrix and its sizes. The distribution of flake graphite was in form of the colonies of the directed dendritic structure with length of the flake graphite, decreased in 2 times, was observed. Dispersion of perlite was increased from 0.57 to 0.32. The changes of morphological characteristics of phosphide eutectic were observed. Modification of cast iron leads to increasing of the tensile strength by 90 MPa. Ductility of 0.17 –  0.18 % and hardness of 207 HB was changed insignificantly. 

Cast Fe + (12.7 – 25.6) % Mn + (0 – 14.4) % Al + (0.02 – 2.18) % C alloys including microalloyed by nitrogen (0,001 – 0,135) % N with high specifi c strength are experimentally investigated and studied. It is shown that cast high-carbon Fe – Mn – Al – С alloys, well give in to a hot deformation, up to 40 – 50 % of reduction without a fi recracking. At a warm strain in investigated alloys the high-tensile condition (σв to 1810  MPa) is realised at a toughness adequate supply (to 50 %). The Yield stress of high-carbon austenitic alloys (to 2.18  %) Fe – Mn – Al – С at room temperature attains 1200 MPa. Thermal capacity and thermal conduction decrease with increase at total alloying Al + C + N. Investigated alloys of iron with high contents of Mn and Al have high specific strength and can be used in cast and strain con-dition as high-strength with a toughness large supply, heatproof and wear-resistant. 

The problem of residual stress distribution in welded tubes is paid a lot attention in recent years because of it is the one of the fracture reason of welded tubes both in production process and in service of products made of them. Since the plastic forming process is performed in cold condition the residual stress appearance (σrs ) in welded tubes is found in the every operation of production process. In this regard it is important to carry out the experimental investigations that make possible the determination of the residual stress nature in the formable workpiece using modern nondestructive methods. This article describes the experimental results of residual stress measurement in the different points around circumference of the outer surface of both small-diameter and large-diameter tubes with the application of portable X-ray diffractometer “DRP-RIKOR” based on X-ray diffraction method. 

The oxygen solubility in the titanium-containing iron-nickel melts has been experimentally studied at 1873 K using the Fe  –  40  %  Ni alloy as an example. The equilibrium constant of interaction of titanium and oxygen dissolved in the Fe  –  40  %  Ni melt (   = –15,17), the Gibbs energy of this reaction (  =  543  360  J/mol), and the interaction parameters characterizing these solutions (  = –1,420;    =  –0,472;   =  0,116) were determined. The equilibrium constant of interaction of titanium and oxygen dissolved in the melt, the Gibbs energy of reaction of titanium and oxygen interaction, and the interaction parameters characterizing these solutions were calculated in a wide range of Fe – Ni alloys compositions at 1873 K. Oxygen solubility in the various compositions titanium-containing Fe – Ni melts was determined at 1873 K. When the nickel content rises to 40 %, the deoxidation ability of titanium decreases but then it sharply rises with increasing nickel content in melt. This can be explained by the fact that although the bond strength of titanium in nickel is considerably stronger in comparison with iron ( = 0,0083; = 0,000083), but the bond strength of oxygen in nickel is appreciably weaker that in iron (  = 0,0103; = 0,337). The oxygen solubility curves in Fe – Ni melts pass through a minimum whose position shifts to the lower titanium concentrations with an increase in the nickel content.

A new methodology for identification of two to three major associates in liquid binary metal solutions with negative deviations from Raoult’s law was used in the model of ideal associated solutions. Minimum error identification was achieved in the case of determining the equilibrium constants between associates and monomers at the concentrations of the components of solutions in which the concentration of associates receive the maximum values (“peak” concentration). Calculated thermodynamic properties of associates were compared with standard thermodynamic proper-ties of the respective intermetallides on alloys Fe – Al and Fe – Si at 1873 K. 

A new approach to the evaluation of the metal structure based on the value of the integral structural level of acousticnoise was found in the development of ultrasonic structuroscopy. There was made the definition of acoustic structural noise of metal. Methods of assessing structural acoustic noise were justified from the position of selection of the frequency range, the control zone, a reference signal and the signal processing algorithm. The experimental results of the use of structural noise to determine the size of the grains were shown on the example of steel 45. Revealed unambiguous relationship between grain size in the samples of investigated steel 45 obtained after the various types of heat treatment and the average amplitude of the structural noise. The obtained dependence is in satisfactory agreement with the theoretical concepts. 

For the 80th anniversary of the birth of Anatolii Svyazhin 

For the 75th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Vasilyevich Zinoviev