The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of microalloying processes and steel modification with technogenetics and natural materials. The authors have researched metallurgical properties of barium-strontium natural modifiers and have estimated its influence on the melting temperature of the forming reducing slag. The received data have shown that the usage of the modifier in the conditions of industrial production is highly producible. Using the software package TERRA the assessment of barium and strontium reducibility with silicon and aluminum from their oxides has been fulfilled, as well as the possible mechanisms of a modifying influence of barium and strontium on the quality of metal has been studied. The possibilities of using vanadic converter slag have been shown for steel microalloying with vanadium. Efficiency assessment of vanadium reduction with carbon of the molten steel has been done. The authors have given the data of industrial testing of the studied materials, which have shown very good convergence with the theoretical calculations and conclusions. The recommendations to optimize the technology of mictoalloying and modification have been given. The use of the researched materials allows improving technical and economic indices of steel production process and significantly increases the quality of the end production. The conclusions on the perspective significant widening of using the technogenetics and natural materials have been done. 

It is known that an increased FeO content reduces the start melting temperature of the primary slag, which prevents the formation of a stable skull, thereby increasing the thermal load on the refrigerators of bally and bosh, and it is accompanied by increased heat losses. FeO content in the raw slag was determined by the development of indirect reduction reactions. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the ways to reduce the heat losses of refrigerators of bally and bosh. Reducing the gas temperature in the peripheral zone of the furnace is accompanied by a change in the degree of indirect restoration. This fact can be considered as an indicator of the temperature of the periphery of the indirect restoration. The developed model for calculating the gas temperature and reducing its operation in the peripheral zone of the blast furnace can be used to optimize the thermal state of the furnace shaft in its peripheral zone.

The process of oxidation of magnetite and titanium-magnetite in lumped iron-ore materials at temperate (400 – 1000 °C) and high (1000 – 1300 °C) temperatures was studied by using methods of physical-chemical analysis. Kinetics of the diffusion process was studied on briquettes of Olhov and Kachkanar titanium-magnetite concentrate and also on the samples of non-fluxed and fluxed to the basicity 1.3 iron-ore Kachkanar pellets. It was determined that at temperate temperatures the diffusion of reagent is the limiting point of the oxidation process on the zones of spherical surface the size of which is smaller than the total surface of the spherical object. At high temperatures diffusion of oxygen in the pores of pellets is the limiting point of the process in the isothermal and nonisothermal conditions as well. According to kinetic dependence the isothermal oxidation of investigated materials, the apparent energy of activation at the set degrees of conversion was calculated, and changing of the activation is connected with transformation of the type of diffusion of reagents through the layer of the reaction product. The apparent coefficients of diffusion of oxygen applied to iron-fluxed Kachkanar pellets for temperature 500 – 1000 °C were defined. The methods of definition of the oxidation degree of pellets were obtained in dependence on changing time and temperature at nonisothermal operational parameters. The possibility of using the given methods for calculation of the oxidation degree of pellets at their roasting in the conveyer roasting machinery was shown. The obtained results can be used for definition of the completing degree of oxidizing processes in the roasting layer of pellets and at optimizing of operational parameters in roasting machinery. 

It has been shown that due to the heat released in the process of cold plastic deformation the deformable metal is heated up to 250 – 350 °C or more. At these temperatures, related to the recrystallization category, at the result of the return and polygonization the deformable metal yield strength changes by 10 – 35 %. However, due to lack of models for determining the yield stress for the effects of temperature the determined change can be neglected, and it leads to large errors (up to 15 – 45 %) in the prediction of power parameters of cold plastic deformation units. The mathematical models of the yield strength of carbon and alloy steels in the temperature range before recrystallization were determined. The author has shown the evidence of performance and reliability of the proposed models that makes them effective for practical use in performing engineering calculations on units of cold plastic deformation. 

During the study of physical properties of four samples of iron meteorites in electric arc furnaces the temperature dependence of kinematical viscosity ν(t), surface tension σ(t) and density d(t) were investigated. The authors have obtained the diagrams of these dependences for each sample in the range of up to 1800 °C. The obtained data confirm numerous published data on iron and iron-nickel alloys of the Earth origin. It is shown that it is promising to use these characteristics to study space objects, primarily «iron» meteorites, as adequate parameters in investigation of physical properties of meteoric matter, including possible obtaining of alloys with desired characteristics from them. These results support the hypothesis of single origin, development and formation of space objects, at least in the Solar system. It can be used in foundation of space metallurgy, such as in the Earth orbit, on the Moon, on Mars or other Solar system objects. 

The article presents the studies of tailing operation flowsheet of Abagur factory. The magnetic, chemical analysis of the overall tailings, as well as the measured magnetic characteristics of the products has been submitted. The iron content of magnetite in the tailings has been averaged in 2013 and made up ~0.9 %. The experiments have confirmed that the main losses are associated with magnetite thin classes, their low magnetic parameters. The loss of magnetite decreases with increasing separation of the field. The factory replaced 45 % of barium ferrite magnetic systems separators PBM 90/250 by composite neodymium-iron-boron systems; therefore, the field was increased from 111 to 175 kA/m. It is recommended to complete the modernization of magnetic separators systems of all factory operations and to set condensation separators for regeneration of suspensions with a field of 190 kA/m. As a result of the reconstruction magnetite iron loss level in the factory can be achieved nearly ~ 0.45 – 0.55 %. 

Metallographic examination of a rail of R65 type produced in Japan has been conducted after its use in the East-Siberian Railway has been conducted. It has been shown that, as for the chemical composition, the metal sample meets the requirements of the specifications of TU 0921-239-01124323 – 2007 specified for steel for production of rails 350LTD. Metal macrostructure quality is satisfactory. Tensile properties, cross-section hardness, and impact strength at temperature +20 °С determined in the samples cut out from the rail head rounding-out having no contact with the wheel meet the requirements of the specifications of TU 0921-239-01124323 – 2007 for rails 350LTD. However, impact strength at sub-zero temperatures does not comply with the quality of domestic rails for low-temperature service. Nonmetallic inclusion content is not significant, however unallowable inclusions of exogenous nature have been found. The microstructure of the sample of rail produced in Japan is sorbitic and lamellar pearlite, which dispersity decreases with the increase of the distance from the surface in all elements of rail samples. When in service, slanting line cracks to 1.1 mm in depth were located on the surface of the rail head rounding-out having contact with the wheel and also considerable side wear ammounted up to 15 mm. 

In the initial polycrystalline alloy Fe – 3 % Si different stages of low-temperature abnormal grain growth have been studied using orientation microscopy techniques (EBSD). All the samples have been characterized by comparatively low magnetic induction В800 = 1.62 – 1.72 T, which corresponds to the axis deviation of easy magnetization [001] of crystals from the direction of rolling to the angle of 12 – 20°. It has been shown that the texture of the secondary recrystallization is described by the orientations {110 }<115>, small grains, situated among anomalously growing crystals (the matrix of the secondary recrystallization), have a heavily scattered (close to the axial one) texture {hkl}<001>. It is shown that the orientation of the grown grains is close to the orientations situated in misorientation Σ5 to most of the crystallites constituting the absorbed matrix. It has been found out that abnormally growing grains in the last turn absorb the crystallites having with them special Σ3 or Σ17b boundaries. 

Rails operation (500 and 1000 mln. t. gross tonnage passed) leads to considerable enhancement of surface layer. The quantitative analysis of rails strengthening mechanisms at different distances from the rolling surface after the long-term operation was carried out using the results of transmission electron microscopy studies. It was shown that enhancement has multifactor character and depends on substructure strengthening caused by nanosize fragments formation; dispersion strengthening by carbide phase particles; strengthening caused by dislocation atmospheres formation; internal stress fields formed by intraand interface boundaries. Significant increase of surface layer strength of rail steel under long term operation (1000 mln tons gross passed tonnage) depends on far acting stress fields formed in material and material fragmentation with nanosize structure formation. 

The nature of differently directed stress jumps, observed at stressdeformation diagrams at tension at room temperature subjected to pulse current in alloys of different physical nature was analyzed. The results of previous studies of electroplastic effect occurrence during rolling and tension in coarse-grain, ultrafine-grain and nanostructured titanium alloys with single-phase, two-phase and intermetallic structure were summarized. Electroplastic rolling allows forming ultrafinegrain and nanostructured states, increases deformability and strength of VT1-0, VT6, TiNi titanium alloys. It is shown that amplitude and direction of stress jumps are defined by competition of electroplastic effect (EPE) and phase transformation, and EPE is structurally-sensitive property. EPE decreases at structure refinement and even disappears in nanocrystalloid and amorphous states. Martensite transformation leads to deformability enhancement of TiNi. 

The authors have formed the objective of stationary heat exchange in shaft grate-fired furnaces in which the reason of processed materials movement is their melting. In this case the energy transfer specific feature manifests itself, namely the process intensity is largely determined by the speed of material flow, which in turn, substantially depends on particles melting tempo. Since iterative approach is the only way for reconciliation of the contradictions, in mathematical formulation of the tasks in general it is necessary to rely on idealization of certain phenomena. In particular, certain idealizations are necessary due to insufficient number of theoretical explanations of certain issues, i.e., mathematical theory of solid materials movement in the shaft furnaces. The vortexfree flow was used at description of layer gas mechanics.