Abstract. The paper presents the results of laboratory studies of scaling laws, the kinetics of high-temperature oxidation and decarbonization of 60Si2CrA steel. It has been established that the waste is intensifi ed sharply when the temperature of the metal is about 1000 °C. The appearance of the fi rst liquid-phase areas in the scale occurs at temperatures of 1270 – 1280 °C, and the melting of the scale, accompanied it to the runoff in metal surface begins at 1300 °C. The temperature range of the most intense decarbonization of steel is 950 – 1100 °C; at 1175 °C and above on the metal surface, the formation of the mixed zone thickness of 0,030 – 0,045 mm, complicating remove scale from the surface of the metal. The received empirical dependence helps to forecast the waste of metal during heating for rolling. For practical use, based on a deterministic mathematical model, a metal-saving temperature mode for heating of continuously cast billets in continuous walking-beam furnaces has been developed.

Abstract. The technique to compute the overall time of bloom ingot solidifi cation was developed. To solve the stated problem a method of equivalent sources (MES) by Yu.S. Postolnik was applied, which has proven its effectiveness for solving problems in the fi eld of heat engineering. The solution has been achieved in terms of the thermal layer format, for two successive stages of heat exchange, namely: – inertial and regular. The comparison of calculated data concerning a commercial bloom ingot, as derived by the MES method, with the results of experiments and those obtained by the L.S. Leybenzon method, has shown a reasonable correlation as to the time of complete solidifi cation. Thus, the obtained solution is of value in heat-engineering computations of commercial ingot solidifi cation conditions. The proposed technique can be useful in heat-engineering calculations as applied to solidifi cation and cooling schedules for ingots and billets when poured into molds and in the process of continuous casting, to get an estimate of the time of complete freezing and of temperature patterns.

Abstract. The paper considers some points of carbon-silicon thermal reduction of elements from oxides containing in converter vanadium stag while steel processing at the ladle-furnace installation. The authors described the physical-and-chemical model of the process and results of thermodynamic simulation which allowed determining the optimal consumption of slag and restorers for complete restoration of vanadium from converter vanadium slag. Simultaneous steel blowing by gaseous nitrogen at steel alloying by vanadium results in complete vanadium extraction and obtainment of a consolidating phase-carbides and carbonitrides of vanadium. Nitrogen, dissolved in metal, interacts with restored vanadium, carbide of vanadium on the nanolevel forming nitrides and carbonitrides of vanadium.

Abstract. The studies are devoted to the infl uence of nanopowders produced by plasma chemical method and self-propagating hightemperature synthesis (SHS) on service characteristics of grey cast iron SCh20 at intra-mold modifi cation. Modifi ers (I) in iron matrix of the composition (ά-Fe, TiCxNy , SiC) from natural raw material (titano-magnetite) have been produced by plasma chemical method at the interaction of titano-magnetite powder and methane in the fl ow of hydrogen-nitrogen plasma. Modifi ers of the composition II on conversion to carbides (70 ‒ 80 % WC ÷ 20 ‒ 30 % TiC) with zirconium as metal-protector have been produced by SHS method combined with mechanochemical method. The usage of modifi er I in the amount of 0,002 % increases Brinell hardness by 9,8 %, ultimate tensile strength – by 11,9 %, relative wear resistance – by 21 %, corrosion resistance in hydro-chloric acid – by 12,3 % as compared with check (unmodifi ed) sample of cast iron. The usage of modifi er II in the amount of 0,038 % increases Brinell hardness by 13,1 %, ultimate tensile strength – by 19,8 %, relative wear resistance – by 69 %, corrosion resistance in hydrochloric acid – by 28 %.

Abstract. The paper presents the results of the carried out experimental researches in welding under АН 26С fl ux (AN26S) with fl ux cored wires, produced from tungsten-containing components (tungsten ores, concentrates, waste) of powdered carbon-fl uorine-containing waste of aluminum production. The carried out researches include the production of fl ux cored wires at different correlations of tungstencontaining and carbon-containing components, the choice of welding mode, the determination of the chemical analysis of the weld metal, the slag composition after welding, metallographic research and wear tests. The studies have shown the principal possibility to restore tungsten directly from tungsten-containing oxide material using a carbon-containing restorative; at the same time the degree of tungsten  reduction is more than 96 %. When welding according to the supposed technology, in the weld layer tungsten carbides have been received; they have the dimensions in the range of 1 – 5 μm.

Abstract. The article presents the principle of operation of the unit of a jet-emulsion reactor type (JER). The possibility of using and implementing the basic principles of synergy (the theory of selforganization) when creating a new jet-emulsion metallurgical process and the unit JER, has been shown. Specifi c examples of a ratio speed control of reducing and oxidizing processes and, consequently, the chemical composition of the metal by the dynamic spatial organization of dissipative structures have been considered. The features of the JER process, allowing in a direct reduction process to control the composition of the metal with the use of some principles of synergy, have been described.

Abstract. The paper presents the researches devoted to the possibility to increase wear resistance of solid alloys, high-speed steel, high-carbon steel, which are used to create cutting tools. The hardening has been carried out by the methods of thermochemical treatment by means of complex diffusion saturation with boron and chromium – boronchromium coating for tungsten-cobalt ВК8 (VK8) sintered material, as well as boron and titanium – boron-titanizing for high-speed Р6М5 (R6M5) steel. The choice of tungsten-cobalt VК8 sintered material and high-speed R6М5 steel as an object of studying has been specifi ed by a wider spectrum of using high-strength low-wear materials in national economy. The chemical composition and micro-hardness have been studied, as well as microhardness of the received diffusion coatings on the hardened materials has been measured. According to the results of the carried out researches the following conclusion can be done: the thermochemical treatment is a perspective way to increase strength and operational characteristics of the materials of the studied classes.

Abstract. The paper examines the results of the comparative analysis of the elemental and phase composition, defective substructure of a surface layer of 40Cr steel, subjected, fi rstly, to the irradiation with highintensity pulsed electron beam and, secondly, to the alloying by means of melting of fi lm (Cu) – substrate (40Cr steel) system, when irradiating with high-intensity pulsed electron beam. Evolution regularities of the structure of steel surface layer have been revealed in dependence on electron beam energy density. It has been shown that high-speed crystallization and the subsequent hardening of 40Cr steel leads to the formation of the modifi ed layer with the thickness up to 30 μm. The formation of cell structure in a surface layer has been revealed, average cell sizes increase from 240 nm to 500 nm at the growth of electron beam energy density from 10 J/cm2 to 20 J/cm2 (N = 10 imp.). The irradiation with high-intensity pulsed electron beam of fi lm (Cu) – substrate (40Cr steel) system is accompanied by the formation of a surface alloy with a hardening structure, hardened with nanodimensional copper particle extractions.

Abstract. Based on the systematization of state diagrams of the systems on the basis of Cu – Pd – Me (where Me – Ag, Au, Ni, Pt, Ga) it has been shown that in the areas of stoichiometric compositions of CuPd and Cu3Pd the alloying with gold (aurum) atoms, as well as palladium atoms can lead to the formation of vast areas of phase homogeneity with long-period structures after the appropriate heat treatment. It has been established that in the systems based on Ti – Al – Me (where Me – V, Cr, Mn, Mo, Nb, Cu) one can observe the decrease of the sizes of homogeneity areas of long-period phases based on Al3(Ti, Mе) with D022 structure in the row of the following alloying elements: V → Mo → Nb → Cr → Mn → Cu.

Abstract. The paper presents literary and own data on comparative behavior of tribological characteristics of bulk samples of pure metals (copper, nickel, titanium) in coarse-grained and nanostructured state processed by deformation and electrochemical methods. The friction tests have been carried out under the scheme ball – disk. The temperature dependence of titanium friction coefficient has been investigated. It has been shown, that at room and higher temperatures the decrease in friction coefficient and wear resistance of metals in nanostructure state can be observed in comparison with coarse-grained counterparts. The temperature dependence of friction coefficient changes according to the grain size. In nanostructure state rise in temperature as a rule leads to the reduction of tribological characteristics, and in coarse-grained state – to the increase. The analytical methods and approaches to modeling of the solid state contact have been considered in view of the surface atomic structure.

Abstract. The quantitative analysis of defect subsystem evolution of the steel with bainite structure under compression deformation up to 36 % was carried out by the methods of transmission electron diffraction microscopy. The dependences of scalar dislocation density, the material volume with microtwins, fragment sizes, stress concentrator numbers and amplitude of lattice curvature-torsion on deformation degree were defi ned. The authors discussed the possible reasons of staging of defect substructure parameter changes with deformation.

Abstract. The article presents the development of information-logical system that allows the recognition of blast furnace deviation kinds from the normal mode. The effect of melting course parameters of blast furnace at the risk of deviations from normal operation has been investigated. A functional model of information system, consisting of 94 decomposed blocks, as well as a three-component extensible, scalable software architecture, consisting of a unit of work with databases, mathematical libraries and a graphical user interface have been developed. The resulting software allows detecting operatively the presence of deviations from the normal course of melting, determining its type on the actual data of the operation furnace and taking actions to eliminate these deviations. The functionality of the software and the results of the tests for managing blast furnace at JSC “Magnitogorsk iron and steel works” were described.