By using the method of mixing the dependence of changing of enthalpy of specimen of siderite ore and agglomerates on temperature was found. The interpolational equations were formed on the basis of the received data, they represent that dependence for enthalpy, original and average heat capacity in broad interval of temperatures. The possibility of application of the method of additive calculation for determination of heat capacity and enthalpy of agglomerates and ore with sufficient exactness for engineering practice was defined. According to the results of measuring heat capacity, density and coefficient of temperature conductivity, the dependence of the coefficient of temperature conductivity of siderite ore on temperature was defined. The received data permit forming the thermal balances of separate zones of shaft-furnace for roasting siderite ore and basing the optimum value of the consumption of solid fuel at agglomeration and also optimizing constructive and operating parameters of the work of thermal aggregates designed for heat treatment of siderite ore and receiving agglomerates. 

Analysis and physical modeling of the main technological factors which affecting on the amount non-metallic inclusions under inert gas injection into liquid steel in the tundish. As a result of the research, the optimal parameters were blowing when using a ring purge lance: consumption gas and argon bubble diameter at the moment of their separation from the pores, that achieves the best refining effect. 

Investigated the dynamics of nitrogen concentration in austenitic stainless steel in steel-making process. Proposed the slag composition for assimilation of titanium containing inclusions from stainless steel. Pilot testing has shown that the slag system CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2 can absorb in the tundish ladle up to 14.1 % of oxides of titanium, reducing the pollution of the austenitic stainless steel by nonmetallic inclusions. 

This paper addresses the theoretical premises for forecasting the formation of gas-related defects – when applying shell mold low-temperature fi ring prior to molds’ pouring with a steel melt. The fact of a reduction in the probability of gas defects formation when applying low-temperature fi ring technique is substantiated. 

The actual activities of oxygen in liquid metal during ladle treatment high alloyed steel have been determined with using oxygen sensors. Activities of components of liquid steel and slag with using pseudosubregular solution for liquid metal and psevdoregular ion solution for liquid slag have been calculated. An equation has been obtained and used to calculate the oxygen activity in equilibrium with components of liquid steel Fe–Cr–Ni–Mn–Si–C–Al–Ti, slag FeO–MnO–CaO–MgO–SiO2–CrO1.5–AlO1.5–TiO2 and gas phases. The study showed that the system “metal–slag–gas phase” at the end of the process of deoxidation of the metal is much closer to equilibrium than at the end of the oxidation process. 

There has been presented a mathematical model of free convection in the bath unit with a bubbling layer. Layer is considered as a pseudo-homogeneous continuous medium with variable physical properties. The main equations of system were implemented in the “inelastic” statement within the Boussinesq assumption. 

During the exploitation at nuclear power plants the metal details are exposed at the temperatures in the range of 290 – 320 °С. It can leads to development of thermal ageing processes and to decreasing the embrittlement resistance. The steel properties degradation is taking into account by introduction the value of critical embrittlement temperature shift. The thermal aging processes are controlled by diffusion of carbon and associated with separation of the carbide phase. The presented data secure the prognosis of steels properties and critical embrittlement temperature shift for 60 years resource. 

The paper addresses parameter correlation of microfl  ow process with fatigue resistance results. The research has been performed on steel 03Н18К9М5Т-ЭЛ (ВСК-210). The mentioned steel has been subjected to hardening with further drawing at various temperatures. 

The possibility of the use of the theory of quasiregular solutions to transfer the molar interactin parameters of elements from one base of alloys to another one and on that foundation to estimate the thermodynamic specifications of Manganese-base melts using the initial data for Iron-base alloys is shown. The molar and mass interaction parameters of elements, the heats of dissolution and the activity coefficients of elements, the change in the free (Gibbs) energy in reactions of dioxidation, desulphuration, denitrogenation, reducing conditions dephosphorisation and also halogeneous (chlorineous and fluorineous) refining of Manganese are calculated on the basis of that method. The possibility of refining of Manganese from admixtures is estimated. 

The results of metallographic studies show the effect of the layers thickness of multilayer metal material on the diffusion depth after chemical heat treatment. The accelerate diffusion model of diffusible element along layers boundaries is proposed. 

Viscometric study conducted liquid steel 100G13H2L in heating and subsequent cooling of the samples. The samples were selected for the study from ingots produced by different methods: the method of oxidation and by remelting. The results of measurements of the temperature and time dependence of the kinematic viscosity of the liquid metal determined optimal time-temperature treatment before the melt crystallization. 

It is studied the thermodynamic aspects of alloying effects during the treatment the low сhromium (3 − 5 % Cr) cast iron with Fe−Si−Mg inoculants. This effect is displayed at transformation of phase at cast iron structure. Instead ledeburite eutectic with cementite carbides Fe3C and (Fe, Cr) 3C the eutectic with carbide (Cr, Fe)7C3 is formed. Such carbide usually is formed at Chromium content no less 8 – 9 %. It is showed, what it caused the quasi-equilibrium state of cast iron during of it treatment with inoculants. On one side, the melt is the non equilibrium, because of into it presence the many microzones with higher content of Si and Mg. But on the other side the melt state at the microzones can to consider as quasi-equilibrium. In that microzones because of high carbon activity are created the conditions for carbide (Cr, Fe)7C3 forming. Such possibility it is confirmed by thermodynamic calculations. The application of the exposed effect is cause without the significantly expense to provide the substantial increasing of cast iron properties. 

The quench of 150CrNiMo steel after austenitization in wide temperature range is done. Amount and tendency to deformational-induced transformation of retained austenite are investigated. Abrasive wear resistance and hardness tests were carried out. It is shown that wear resistance is in negative correlation with hardness. The decrease of hardness with elevation of austenitization temperature is caused by rise of retained austenite amount. At the same time the ability of metastable retained austenite to deformational-induced martensitic transformation leads to increase as of wear resistance so and microhardness of worn surface. 

Quantitative analysis of the evolution of phase composition and defect substructure of rail steel surface layers with the structure of plate perlite and nanosize martensite under fatigue of loading is carried out by the methods of transmission electron microscopy. Possible reasons of fatigue fracture of rail steel with different structure are discussed. 

Рецензия на учебник Рощина В.Е., Рощина А.В. «Электрометаллургия и металлургия стали»

The questions of calculating the calibration of the instrument cold rolling tube mills are discussed. A method of calculating the profile of a mandrel, consistent with existing caliber to ensure a more rational regime of reduction compared with the rolling process on the mandrel with a straight generatrix is proposed. The possibility of the use of existing calipers for the rolling of pipes, for example, more precise, using a mandrel, produced by the proposed method is envisaged. The proposed method is considered on the example of calculation of the profile of the mandrel caliber, a caliper which is calculated by the method of MISIS. The proposed method of calculating the calibration ensures a more even distribution of effort on the length of the work of the cone, and their reduction by 25 – 30 % and increasing the accuracy of tubes in comparison with the traditional method. 

Proposed way to improve the quality of iron ore concentrate in reverse flotation with cationic reagent with the combined use of electric pulse and electrochemical treatments. 

When replacing coke and anthracite coals lean in cupola melting to consider increasing the likelihood of cracking of coal due to its low thermal resistance. Technologically steady state smelting with anthracite and lean coal is provided by the work of the recommended ratio between the height of the cupola and its diameter and heating the blast in the recuperator “pipe in pipe”. 

To the 75th anniversary of Vladimir Petrovich Polukhin