Presented is review of research led by specialists of Komsomolsk-on-Amur state technical university devoted to the problem of receiving high quality and secure welded seams in production of parts and constructions of aircrafts. Analyzed are: gas-saturation of metal of seam by oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen depending on methods of cutting of welded surfaces; possibilities to use welding by shipped tungsten electrode (WSTE) of titanic samples from BT20 alloy, received by oxygen-kerosene cutting on raw edges; interaction and management of processes of metal hashing in welding bathtub which have fundamental impact on gas-saturation and properties of metal of seam. Qualitative and quantitative estimates of this influence are given in this work.

Sulfur exist mainly in the form of organic compounds was found in the investigated lean and brown coals. Experimental study of sulfur elimina- tion using a mass spectrometer QMC 230 and infrared absorption analyzer at the metallization of the iron-ore concentrates with coal shows that this process is difficult because of adsorption of sulfur-containing gases and reaction with reduced iron and S (gas) with FeS formation. The FeS does not reduces with carbon and hydrogen. It was cofirmed that significant removal of sulfur is observed only when calcium oxide filling was used. The reaction is CaO + H2S = H2O + CaS.

Within the limits of the theory of flat deformation the problem for the balance equations in displacements that has allowed to define a field of thermoelastic stresses in a forge ingot of many-sided section in the course of its cooling or heating is put and decided. Tangent normal stresses in blankets are stretching and exceed an elasticity limit when difference of temperatures between an axis and an ingot side reaches the greatest value. The method of lines of sliding receives a field of the plastic stresses arising at free forging of an ingot in mixed strikers. It is received a total stress tehsor of thermoelastic pressure and plastic hammer forging pressure, showing possibility of formation of longitudinal superficial cracks. Results are enclosed to hammer forging a 7-ton ingot of 8-faced section from the alloyed steel at temperatures 1100, 850 and 680 °C.

Presented is the method of determining air consumption in cupola process by calculating quantity of fuel burned per time unit, using experimen- tal values of fuel carbon combustion rate or cupola capacity. Laboratory and production tests show that actual air consumption is always 5,4 – 5,6 % higher than estimated, which is due to air leaks through the control valves on the pipelines to the tuyeres, and gas leaks when opening metal and slag tap holes.

Studied are thermodynamics, conditions and mechanism of the synthesis of boride CrB2 and carbonitride Cr3(C0,8N0,2)2 with powdered chromi- um, boron, methane (natural gas) in plasma flow of nitrogen. Identified and described is the single-channel mechanism of the processes studied with chromium vapor, its condensation products, boron and hydrogen cyanide, implemented by vapor – melt – crystal circuit. The temperature zones in which the process of formation of gaseous chromium-boron and chromium-carbon reaction mixtures, boride- and carbonitride- forming take place.

The analysis of the CaO·SiO2 – CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2 – CaO·TiO2·SiO2 system is carried out. Thermodynamic analysis of univariant and invariant crystallization processes showed that at invariant equilibrium and crystallization along the boundary curve separating the field of crystallization of anorthite and sphene crystallization is carried out by peritectic reactions. The parameters of the invariant state of the system are determined as follows (t = 1513 К, аСaO = 0,0407, аSiO  = 0,5268, аAl O  = 0,00003, аTiO  = 0,005). Presented is the revised version of the system diagram.

Experimental study of the effect of introduction of carbon-fluorine containing additives in AN-67 flux welding of 09G2S steel. It is shown that the use of supplements reduces the total oxygen content in the weld, reduces pollution by oxide non-metallic inclusions and the level of gas saturation of the weld metal, increases required mechanical properties and toughness of the weld. The concentration of carbon in the weld remains at the base metal.

The influence of the exposure duration of nanosecond electromagnetic pulses (NEMI) on crystallization, structure and properties (hardness, density, microhardness of structural parts, corrosion resistance, wear-resistance) of low-silicon cast iron is examined. It is found that the increase in duration of NEMI exposure on the melt results in the increase of starting temperature for eutectic and eutectoid transformation. Physical and mechanical properties of cast iron vary considerably depending on the melt exposition duration (MED) according to extreme dependence with maxima and minima properties under of 10 – 15 min. For example, the thermal conductivity of the melt increases two or more times.

The effect of interstitial hydrogen atoms on mechanical properties and plastic strain localization patterns in tensile tested alloyed γ-Fe single crystals of austenite steel with low stacking-fault energy has been studied using a double-exposure speckle photography technique. The hydrogenation of [ 11] oriented single crystals of Fe–18Cr–12Ni–2Mo steel led to decrease in the yield stress, 1,3 times increase in plasticity (strain at break), and suppression of the neck formation in single crystals oriented for the multiple slippage. On the stress-strain curve of plastic flow measured in tension in the initial (hydrogen free) state, the transition from elasticity to developed plastic flow is followed by the stages of linear deformation hardening, and parabolic hardening. The stress-strain curve of single crystals saturated with hydrogen exhibit a small tooth and a flow trough and is followed by the stages of linear deformation hardening; parabolic hardening and prefracture. The main parameters of plastic-flow localization at various stages of the deformation hardening of crystals have been determined in single crystals of steel electrolytically saturated with hydrogen in a three-electrode electrochemical cell at controlled constant cathode potential. It is established that hydrogenation of alloyed γ-Fe specimens enhances the localization of straining, leads to significant changes in the characteristics distances between plastic shear bands and local straining zones in all scale levels.

A model of heating of titanium surface subjected to electroexplosive carburization at subsequent electron-beam treatment is considered. The model takes into account the pulse-periodic nature of treatment and allows to calculate the temperature field on the surface when accounting density of electron beam power, pulse duration and their frequency. The estimation of time of dissolution of particles of carbon fibers by electron-beam treatment is made for melted surface layer.

Regularities of structure modification under boundary lubrication friction of 110Mn13 steel in as supplied condition and after impact ultrasonic treatment were studied. Based on results of transmission electron microscopy the peculiarities of changing fine structure in surface and subsurface layer are analyzed. On the basis of obtained data the revealed difference in wear pattern of specimens of both types are interpreted.

High-intensity electron beam treatment of ZrO2 + (6 – 8) % Y2O3 coating surface synthesized on GH33 alloy by EB-PVD was done. It is shown that the electron-beam exposure leads to smoothing of the coating surface and formation of nanoscale structures conducive to multiple (more than one and a half times) increasing of modified layer microhardness.

The questions of microstructure and defect structure of lowcarbon ВСт3сп (Russian grade) steel after combined impact of equalchannel angular pressing and electroplastic rolling are considered. Shown is the effect of combination of treatment methods on micro-hardness and toughness of steel.

The results of comparative investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties are presented for zirconium alloyed with niobium (1 mass. % Nb). Zirconium was obtained by abc-pressing method. ABC-pressing method allows to produce ultrafine grained structure with the decreasing average size of the zirconium matrix elements in range from 0,55 μm to 0,28 μm. The rolling provides the formation of ultrafine-grained states with the zirconium structural elements size equal to 0,2 μm and the microhardness is equaled to 2800 MPa. Between the microhardness and the value of d–1/2 (d is the average size of the structural elements) linear dependence was found. It indicates a Hall-Petch ratio.The increase of microhard- ness of ultrafine zirconium alloy is attained by reducing of structure elements and formation of ultra-grained oxides.

Using methods of spectral, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy study of ИЧХ28Н2 (Russian grade) brand iron in two conditions was conducted: without the addition of modifying mixture, and after the introduction of mixture of ultra- and nanopowder d-metal oxides with reductant cryolite (Na3 AlF6 ). The element composition, phase composition, microstructure of metal matrix and eutectic are studied. It was established that addition of modifying mixture with reducing agent (Na3 AlF6 ) changes morphological structure, ratio of main phases, decreases rate of corrosion and increases corrosion resistance by 15 %.

Influence of a pulse current on deformation behavior is studied at tension and a room temperature of nanostructured shape memory TiNi alloy. The direction and amplitude of stress jumps in investigated material sharply differ from those, observed in pure metals and alloys without phase transformations.