FUNDAMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AS THE BASIS OF CREATION OF NEW MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN METALLURGY. PART 1

The article provides an overview developed by the scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on the basis of fundamental research of new metallic and ceramic materials and technologies, including new nitrogen-containing high-strength corrosion-resistant steels, heat-resistant lightweight alloys and composites based on intermetallides; modifi ers for wheel steels, complex V-, Cr-, Ni-containing ferroalloys; anti-corrosion protective coatings based on ultrathin Zn powders; catalytic converters of exhaust gases of vehicles; magnetically hard materials with high thermal and temporal stability and mechanical characteristics; nanostructural stents for endovascular operations in a sparing mode; corrosion – and wear-resistant coatings and method of their plasma spraying. The methods were developed for: longitudinal rolling with macroshift deformation (to improve the properties of sheet rolling); recycling of oiled scale; control of the lining deterioration at any point in the blast-furnace hearth. The monitoring methods for the integrity of rail steels by inclusions were carried out. The paper includes the developed processes and technologies of: special electrometallurgy
to produce the steel for the power industry; synthesis of the massive single-crystalline samples of nitrides of transition metals, nanopowders of W, Pt, Ti and Ti carbides and nitrides; processing of Yarega fi eld leucoxene concentrates; production of titanium implants with porous coatings; metallic fraction and powders of ferrous and non-ferrous metals; ultrafi ne Zn powders; recycling of metallurgical wastes with the extraction of Zn, Sb, Sn, Fe; obtaining agglomerated nanocrystalline powders of Ta for capacitors; processing of sulphide Mo-containing raw materials and obtaining of rare earth metals, MoO3 , CaMoO4 and utilization of sulfur dioxide. The authors described the created injection installations and their application technologies; high-performance system for plasma spraying of metals, including paint coatings, plastics, cardboard. There were obtained the data on thermodynamic functions of the reaction of dissolution of oxygen in Fe-based molts and of the interaction reactions of dissolved in these molts elements (Cr, Mn, Nb, V, Si, B, C, Ti, Zr, Al) with oxygen.

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