Production of magnets from the material of Fe - Cr - Co system by selective laser sintering
https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-10-721-727
Abstract
The article presents results of the study of possibilities of selective laser melting (SLM), or so-called additive technologies, for production of permanent magnets. This process makes it possible to produce not only product models and prototypes, but also finished functional products using layer-by-layer addition of material and binding of particles and layers to each other. An alloy based on Fe - Cr - Co system has been chosen as the material for evaluation of the compared technologies for permanent magnets production. The application fields of selective laser melting (SLM/SLP) were considered. The powders obtained by different methods are taken for the research. Classical technology of magnetic alloy casting also was analyzed. The studies of magnetic materials and comparisons of the properties of powder magnets with standard data were carried out. On the basis of 25Kh15KA alloy powder sprayed by gas atomization, permanent magnets with a material density of 7.59 - 7.55 g/cm3 can be manufactured at the SLP plant. They meet the requirements recommended by the state standard GOST 24897 - 81, and achieve characteristics of magnets made by classical metallurgical technologies. To study the magnetic and physical properties, four samples were produced with the same geometry in the shape of a cube. During production of each of the test samples, different operating modes of the plant were selected. Samples were made on the basis of the “Kurchatov Institute” NRS enterprise (the “Prometheus” Central Research Institute of Construction Materials) as part of the NIO-35 technological complex. It was established that characteristics of the powders obtained by gas atomization qualitatively exceed characteristics of the powders obtained by other methods, and the produced magnets meet all the requirements for magnets.
About the Authors
D. B. Efremov
National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dmitrii B. Efremov - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Engineering of Technological Equipment”, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS).
4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049.
A. A. Gerasimova
National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Alla A. Gerasimova - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Academic Secretary of the Chair “Engineering of Technological Equipment”, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS” (MISIS).
4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049.
References
1. Smurov I.Yu., Movchan I.A., Yadroitsev I.A., Okun'kova A.A., Tsvetkova E.V., Cherkasova N.Yu. Laser additive manufacturing. Vestnik MGTU “Stankin”. 2011, no. 4, pp. 144-146. (In Russ.).
2. Grigor'ev S.N., Kozochkin M.P., Sabirov F.S., Sinopal'nikov V.A. Problems of technical diagnostics of machine tool equipment at the present development stage. Vestnik MGTU “Stankin”. 2010, no. 4, pp. 27-36. (In Russ.).
3. Liu Y., Wang R., Peng C., Cai Z., Zhou Z., Li X., Cao X. Microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of in-situ TiB2 /AlSi10Mg composite manufactured by selective laser melting. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2021, vol. 853, article 157287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.157287
4. Doubenskaia M., Pavlov M., Chivel Yu. Optical system for online monitoring and temperature control in selective laser melting technology. Key Engineering Materials. 2010, vol. 437, no. 1, pp. 458-461. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.437.458
5. Xing X., Duan X., Jiang T., Wang J., Jiang F. Ultrasonic peening treatment used to improve stress corrosion resistance of AlSi10Mg components fabricated using selective laser melting. Metals. 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010103
6. Shishkovskii I.V. Laser Synthesis of Functional-Gradient Mesostructures and Bulk Products. Moscow: FIZMATLIT, 2009, 421 p. (In Russ.).
7. Geguzin Ya.E. Physics of Sintering. Moscow: Nauka, 1984, 311 p. (In Russ.).
8. Technologies of laser additive manufacturing of metal products. Available at URL: http://geektimes.ru/post/218271/ (Accessed 01.08.2021). (In Russ.).
9. Gerasimova A.A., Radyuk A.G., Glukhov L.M. Applying coatings to the narrow walls of continuous-caster molds to improve the quality of the surface of slabs. Metallurgist. 2014, vol. 58, no. 5-6, pp. 397-400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-014-9922-2
10. Grishaev R.V., Mirzade F.Kh., Khomenko M.D. Modeling of phase transitions in selective laser sintering by powder injection. Perspek-tivnye materialy. 2013, no. S14, pp. 241-248. (In Russ.).
11. Bulyk I.I. Application of hydrogen in the production of sintered anisotropic nanostructured magnets from alloys of rare-earth and transition metals. Materials Science. 2019, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 761-775. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-019-00262-7
12. Dong L., Makradi A., Ahzi S., Remond Y. Three-dimensional transient finite element analysis of the selective laser sintering process. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2009, vol. 209, no. 2, pp. 700-706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2008.02.040
13. Matsumoto M., Shiomi M., Osakada K., Abe F. Finite element analysis of single layer forming on metallic powder bed in rapid prototyping by selective laser processing. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture. 2002, vol. 42, no. 1, pp. 61-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-6955(01)00093-1
14. Nelson J.C., Xue S., Barlow J.W., Beaman J.J., Marcus H.L., Bourell D.L. Model of the selective laser sintering of bisphenol-A polycarbonate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 1993, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 2305-2317. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00022a014
15. Xiong B.W., Xu Z.F., Yan Q.S., etc. Progress on metal powder materials used for direct selective laser sintering. Hot Working Technology. 2008, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 92-94.
16. Simchi A., Pohl H. Effects of laser sintering processing parameters on the microstructure and densification of iron powder. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2003, vol. 359, no. 1-2, pp. 119-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00341-1
17. Buschow K.H.J. Rare earth-cobalt intermetallic compounds. Philips Research Report. 1971, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 49-64.
18. Keropyan A., Gerasimova A., Goloshapov K. Influence of the track gradient on the contact temperature at the wheel-rail zone for openpit locomotives. In: MATEC Web of Conferences. 2017, vol. 129, article 06009. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201712906009
19. Naumova M.G., Morozova I.G., Borisov P.V. Investigating the features of color laser marking process of galvanic chrome plating in order to create a controlled color image formation at given marking. In: Materials Today: Proceedings. 2019, vol. 19, part 5, pp. 2405-2408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.044
20. Kobelev O., Valeeva L., Gerasimova A. Forging process flow development for plate production. Solid State Phenomena. 2021, vol. 316, pp. 240-245. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.316.240
21. Gorbatyuk S., Pashkov A., Chichenev N. Improved copper-molyb-denum composite material production technology. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2019, vol. 11, part 1, pp. 31-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.12.102
22. Pan L., Zhang C., Wang L., Liu Q., Wang G. Crack formation law and mechanism in selective laser melting of 316L stainless steels. Laser and Optoelectronics Progress. 2019, vol. 56, no. 9, article 101401. https://doi.org/10.3788/LOP56.101401
23. Li L., Tirado A., Nlebedim I.C., etc. Big area additive manufacturing of high performance bonded NdFeB magnets. Scientific Reports. 2016, no. 6, article 36212. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36212
24. Mapley M., Pauls J.P., Tansley G., Busch A., Gregory S.D. Selective laser sintering of bonded magnets from flake and spherical powders. Scripta Materialia. 2019, no. 172, pp. 154-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2019.07.029
Review
For citations:
Efremov D.B., Gerasimova A.A. Production of magnets from the material of Fe - Cr - Co system by selective laser sintering. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2021;64(10):721-727. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-10-721-727
Views:
626
Email this article 