Modification of steel surface layer by electroslag surfacing using compounds with high melting point

The authors have studied the effect of alloying on the structure, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of electroslag surfacing layers on low-alloy structural steel 09G2S. For modification, mixtures of Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si powders obtained in the Department of Structural Macrokinetics of  the Tomsk Scientific Centre SB RAS by the method of SHS synthesis, as well as powder compositions based on TiC, were used. A molten electrode was made of low-alloy steel St3, on which modifying compositions Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si were poured out, in the first case, and modifying compositions  Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si, located below, in the second case. Metallography and X-ray microanalysis methods were used to determine the structure and  to  analyze the composition of the deposited layers, heat-affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal, on the basis of which assumptions were made about  the nature of the formation of coating properties – hardness and wear resistance. It is shown that the main influence on the wear resistance is exerted  by structure of the surfacing metal. There is a positive effect of modifying coatings by alloying materials with the alloys Si3 N4   +  FeSi2   +  Si  +  St3  and TiC  +  St3. In the molten layer, many new crystallization centers are released in the form of dispersed TiC particles. Dispersed TiC particles with  a  high melting point (3180  °C) are the first to fall out of the melt and not only serve as multiple crystallization centers, but also prevent the growth of  austenitic grains, which ensures the formation of dispersed structure. The coatings contain TiC carbide particles, as well as inclusions of other phases. At the same time, an increase in hardness of the deposited layer containing titanium carbide inclusions is observed in direction of the boundary with the base. Wear resistance of the layer increases when a TiC-based coating is formed. The obtained data can be used to create deposited layers on the metal surface with high resistance against abrasive wear. 

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