Stability to oxidation resistance of heat-resistant nickel alloy with γ′-phase structure

Heightened interest to multicomponent alloying of nickel is connected with the search of new compositions of oxidation- and heat-resistant alloys on the basis of nickel solid solution or its intermetallics. In the present work, the author has investigated the resistance to high-temperature oxidation of an alloy of Ni – Al – Mo – W – Nb system which can be used as a basis for creation of dispersion-strengthened inert particles of carbides and nitrides of two-phase thermally stable superalloys with a γ′-phase matrix. Samples of the alloy were subjected to oxidation on air at 900 – 1300 °C during 1 – 125 hours. Weight reduction (ΔМ, gr) was measured which after that was recalculated into indicators of change of samples weight for a time unit, rationing for the area of initial samples surface (Δm, gr/(m² ·hour)) and “burn” rate of surface layer (scaling loss h, micron/hour). It is shown that at oxidation of Ni – Al – Mo – W – Nb alloy at all temperatures there is a reduction of samples weight because of formation of fragile and friable superficial scale. Dependences of this indicator on oxidation time are close to the linear. With growth of temperature, processes of weight reduction are intensified. It is offered to raise oxidation resistance of Ni – Al – Mo – W – Nb alloy by short-term preliminary oxidation at temperature of 1300 °С on air. The observable effect of increase of oxidation resistance is caused by formation in scale of NiAl ₂O₄ layer, more effectively protecting an alloy from interaction with oxygen. Experiences on oxidation with the use of inert platinum marks have shown that it is necessary to consider oxygen diffusion through oxide film into metal as a mechanism, supervising oxidation of Ni – Al – Mo – W – Nb alloy at high temperatures in case of presence of NiAl₂O₄ on the surface layer. Activation energy of oxidation of Ni – Al – Mo – W – Nb alloy was calculated at 900 – 1300 °С and without preliminary oxidation. This value is equal to 220,000 J/mol that is characteristic for activation energy of nickel self-diffusion.

heat resistance, heat-resistant nickel alloys, nimoval, granule metallurgy, Ni₃Al-intermetallic, oxidation rate, activation energy of oxidation, Arrhenius analysis, nickel self-diffusion

1. Jing Wu, Chong Li, Yongchang Liu, Yuting Wu, Qianying Guo, Huijun Li, Aipeng Wang. Effect of annealing treatment on microstructure evolution and creep behavior of a multiphase Ni 3 Al-based superalloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2019, vol. 743, pp. 623–635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.11.126

2. Heng Jiang, Shulong Ye, Rui Ma, Peng Yu. Influences of sintering parameters on shape-retention ability of porous Ni 3 Al intermetallic fabricated by powder metallurgy. Intermetallics. 2019, vol. 105, pp. 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2018.11.009

3. Jing Wu, Chong Li, Yongchang Liu, Xingchuan Xia, Yuting Wu, Zongqing Ma, Haipeng Wang. Influences of solution cooling rate on microstructural evolution of a multiphase Ni3 Al-based intermetallic alloy. Intermetallics. 2019, vol. 109, pp. 48–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2019.03.010

4. Yuting Wu, Yongchang Liu, Chong Li, Xingchuan Xia, Jing Wu, Huijun Li. Effect of initial microstructure on the hot deformation behavior of a Ni3 Al-based alloy. Intermetallics. 2019, vol. 113, article 106584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2019.106584

5. Jing Wu, Chong Li, Yongchang Liu, Xingchuan Xia, Yuting Wu, Yefan Li, Haipeng Wang. Formation and widening mechanisms of envelope structure and its effect on creep behavior of a multiphase Ni3 Al-based intermetallic alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2019, vol. 763, article 138158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138158

6. Ohno T., Watanabe R., Nonomura T. Development of die material for isothermal forging of superalloys in air. Transactions ISIJ. 1987, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 34–41.

7. Ohno T., Watanabe R., Fukui T., Tanaka K. Isothermal forging of Waspaloy in air with a new die material. Transactions ISIJ. 1988, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 958–964.

8. Tabaru T., Hanada S. High temperature strength of Ni3 Al-base alloys. Intermetallics. 1998, vol. 6, no. 7–8, pp. 735–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-9795(98)00052-1

9. Belomyttsev M.Yu., Fung Tuan An’. High temperature strength of composite material with cell structure on the basis of Ni3 Al intermetallidide. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2019, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 228–234. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-3-228-234

10. Gessinger G.Kh. Powder Metallurgy of Heat-Resistant Alloys. Chelyabinsk: Metallurgiya, 1988, 380 p. (In Russ.).

11. Belomyttsev M.Yu., Kozlov D.A., Eremin A.V. External medium and temperature exposure to intermetallic based materials structure, phase composition and mechanical properties. Communication 1. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2011, no. 7, pp. 38–41. (In Russ.).

12. Belomyttsev M.Yu., Fung Tuan An’. Characteristics of short-term creep of composite materials of NiAl – W system with cell structure. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2008, no. 9, pp. 50–53. (In Russ.).

13. Shtremel’ M.A., Belomyttsev M.Yu., Chernukha L.G., Kozlov D.A., Safonov V.V., Filev I.V., Kreitser K.K., Eranosov Ya.V. Heat resistance of metal-intermetallic compositions based on NiAl. Russian Journal of Non-Ferrous Metals. 2007, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 507–510. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1067821207060235

14. Timoshenko A.V., Rakoch A.G., Mikaelyan A.S. Protection from Corrosion. Nonmetallic Coverings and Heat-Resistant Materials. Moscow: Karavella, 1997, 336 p. (In Russ.).

15. Chen Y., Zhao X., Bai M., Chandio A., Wuc R., Xiaoa P. Effect of platinum addition on oxidation behaviour of gamma / gamma’- nickel aluminide. Acta Materialia. 2015, vol. 86, pp. 319–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.023

16. Kimura Y., Pope D.P. Ductility and toughness in intermetallics. Intermetallics. 1998, vol. 6, no. 7-8, pp. 567–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-9795(98)00061-2

17. Miracle D.B. The physical and mechanical properties of NiAl. Acta Metallurica et Materialia. 1993, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 949–985.

18. Doychak J., Smialek J.L., Mitchell T.E. Transient oxidation on single–crystal β – NiAl. Metallurgical Transactions: A. 1989, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02653930

19. Allaverdova N.V., Kuchernko L.A. Resistance to oxidation of NiAl alloys at high temperatures. Journal of Less-Common Metals. 1988, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 59–62.

20. Juan Chena, Lijun Zhangc, Xiao-Gang Lud. Diffusion behaviors of Rh, Ta, W, Re, Os and Ir in ternary L12-Ni3 Al alloys. Intermetallics. 2018, vol. 102, pp. 11–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2018.08.005

21. Wenyue Zhao, Zhimei Sun, Shengkai Gong. Synergistic effect of co-alloying elements on site preferences and elastic properties of Ni 3 Al: A first-principles study. Intermetallics. 2015, vol. 65, pp. 75–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2015.06.006

22. Neumann G., Tuijn C. Self-Diffusion and Impurity Diffusion in Pure Metals: Handbook of Experimental Data. Pergamon, 2011, 360 p.

23. Povarova K.B., Bannykh O.A. Principles of creation of alloys based on intermetallics. Part I. Materialovedenie. 1999, no. 2, pp. 27–33. (In Russ.).

24. Bokshtein B.S. Diffusion in Metals and Alloys. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1978, 248 p. (In Russ.).

25. Bokstein B.S., Bokstein S.Z., Spitsberg I.T. Ni self-diffusion in alloyed Ni3 Al. Intermetallics. 1996, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 517–523. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795(96)00038-6

26. Frank S., Rüsing J., Herzig Chr. Grain boundary self-diffusion of 63 Ni in pure boron-doped Ni3 Al. Intermetallics. 1996, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 601–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-9795(96)00058-1