THE USE OF TRIAD OF BLAST FURNACE, OXYGEN CONVERTER AND ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE FOR CARBON FOOTPRINT REDUCTION

 Carbon footprint is the mass of carbon formed in the full cycle  of production of one or another kind of product. This carbon is included in greenhouse gases. Carbon monoxide and greenhouse gases  (methane and carbon dioxide) are generated at the production of iron  and steel. Methane and carbon monoxide burn up to carbon dioxide by  the realization of secondary energy resources. Therefore, the carbon  footprint at the production of iron and steel is determined by weight  of formed carbon dioxide. As the results of analysis of the production  processes of iron and steel it was revealed that the tandem of blast  furnace with electric arc furnace is characterized by a lower value of  integrated through emissions of CO2 than the tandem of blast furnace  with an oxygen converter. It is proposed to process the cast iron, made  by one blast furnace, at the same time in the oxygen converter and in one or more electric arc furnaces. Moreover in the electric arc furnace  is loaded 30  % of iron which are produced in blast furnace, and the  remaining 70  % are complemented by metal scrap. In the oxygen converter the part of cast iron (75  –  85  %) is loaded, which are remained  after loading in the arc furnace. The converter is applied by the metal  scrap for full loading. Calculations of through emission of carbon dioxide for different triads of these units are made. The simultaneous use  of oxygen converter with electric arc furnaces for cast iron smelting  obtained from one blast furnace helps to reduce confidently the emission of carbon dioxide to 20 % as it follows from the calculations. This  suggests that this triad of used units conforms to green technology.  Example of the use of marked triad is for a full load of the converter  is applied to metal scrap. the calculations through emissions of carbon  dioxide for different triads of these units. From these calculations it follows that the simultaneous use of oxygen converters from electric arc  furnaces for smelting iron, obtained from one blast furnace, it helps to  reduce the emission of carbon dioxide to 20 %. This suggests that this  triad used units conforms to green technology. An example of using  the noted triad is the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works, which, in addition to the oxygen converter, uses electric arc furnaces for smelting  steel using electric power produced by the enterprise by burning fuel  secondary energy resources from aggregates in which fuel is burnt.  This practice can be recommended for a number of other metallurgical  enterprises.

1. Kiotskii prokol [Kyoto puncture]. Novaya gazeta, no. 72, July 8,  2009. (In Russ.).

2. Vystupleniya Vladimira Putina na polyakh Vsemirnoi konferentsii OON po klimatu, proshedshei v Parizhe 30 noyabrya 2015 goda [Vladimir Putin’s performances on fields of the World conference of  the UN on climate, Paris, November 30, 2015]. Available at URL:  http://www.vsesovetnik.ru/archives/8732. (In Russ.).

3. GOST R ISO 14064­1­2007. Gazy parnikovye. Ch. 1. Trebovaniya i rukovodstvo po kolichestvennomu opredeleniyu i otchetnosti o vybrosakh i udalenii parnikovykh gazov na urovne organizatsii [GOST  P ISO 14064-1-2007. Greenhouse gases. Part. 1. Requirements and  the guide to quantitative definition and the reporting on emissions  and removal of greenhouse gases at the level of the organization].  Moscow: Standartinform, 2010, 23 p. (In Russ.).

4. Miller G.Tyler. Living in the Environment. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1979, 699 p. (Russ.ed.: Miller T. Zhizn’ v okruzhayushchei srede: ucheb. dlya vuzov. Vol. 2. Yagodin G.A.  ed. Moscow: Progress-Pangeya, 1980, 256 p.).

5. Miller G.Tyler. Living in the Environment. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1979, 699 p. (Russ.ed.: Miller T. Zhizn’ v okruzhayushchei srede: ucheb. dlya vuzov. Vol. 3. Yagodin G.A.  ed. Moscow: Progress-Pangeya, 1993, 400 p.).

6. Udal’tsov A. Poezd nadezhdy: ekologicheskie meridiany i paralleli: ucheb. posobie dlya vuzov [Train of hope: ecological meridians and  parallels: Manual for universities]. Moscow: Politizdat, 1984, 254  p.  (In Russ.).

7. IPCC 2006, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme. Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T., Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan, 2007.

8. Potapochkin A.N., Simonyan L.M., Chernousov P.I., Kosyrev K.L.  Consumption of carbon and CO2 emissions. Stal’. 2004, no. 9,  pp.  69–72. (In Russ.).

9. Shevelev L.N. Methodical bases of inventory of greenhouse gases  in ferrous metallurgy of Russia. Stal’. 2007, no. 4, pp. 97–102. (In  Russ.).

10. Shevelev L.N. Assessment of emissions of greenhouse gases in  ferrous metallurgy of Russia. Chernaya metallurgiya. Byul. in­ta “Chermetinformatsiya”. 2008, no. 8 (1304), pp. 3–8. (In Russ.).

11. Kalenskii  I.V .  Recommendations  about  the  accounting  of  CO2  emissions at the enterprises of ferrous metallurgy. Stal’. 2007, no. 5,  pp.  121–129. (In Russ.).

12. Chesnokov Yu.N., Lisienko V.G., Lapteva A.V . Mathematical models of indirect estimates of CO2 emission in some metallurgical  processes. Stal’. 2011, no. 8, pp. 74–77. (In Russ.). 

13. Chesnokov Yu.N., Lisienko V.G., Lapteva A.V . Evaluating the carbon footprint from the production of steel in an electric-Arc furnace.  Metallurgist. 2014, vol. 57, no. 9-10, pp. 774–778.

14. Chesnokov Yu.N., Lisienko V.G., Lapteva A.V . Graph model for  carbon dioxide emissions from metallurgical plants. Metallurgist.  2013, vol. 56, no. 11-12, pp. 888–893.

15. Lisienko V.G., Lapteva A.V., Chesnokov Yu.N., Lugovkin V.V.  Comparative emission of greenhouse gas CO2 in the processing of  ferrous metallurgy. Izvestiya VUZov. Chernaya metallurgiya = Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2015, no. 9, pp. 625–629. (In Russ.).

16. Gileva L.Yu., Zagainov S.A. Balansovye metody rascheta protsessov polucheniya chuguna: ucheb. posobie dlya vuzov [Balance  methods of calculation of processes of receiving cast iron: Manual  for universities]. Ekaterinburg: UrFU, 2011, 77 p. (In Russ.).

17. Obukhov V.M., Sharikov V.M., Deryabin Yu.A., Spirin V.A., Chernavin S.B. Proektirovanie i oborudovanie staleplavil’nykh tsekhov: monografiya [Design and equipment of steel-smelting shops: Monograph]. Ekaterinburg, 2010, 410 p. (In Russ.).

18. Svinolobov N.P., Brovkin V.L. Pechi chernoi metallurgii: ucheb. posobie dlya vuzov [Furnaces of ferrous metallurgy: Manual for universities]. Dnepropetrovsk: Porogi, 2004, 154 p. (In Russ.).

19. Yusfin Yu.S., Pashkov N.F. Metallurgiya zheleza: ucheb. dlya vuzov [Metallurgy of iron: Textbook for universities]. Moscow: IKTs  “Akademkniga”, 2007, 464 p. (In Russ.).

20. Romenets V.A., Valavin V.S., Usachev A.B. etc. Protsess Romelt: ucheb. dlya vuzov [Romelt  process:  Manual  for  universities].  Romenets V.A. ed. Moscow: MISiS, ID Ruda i metally, 2005, 400  p.  (In Russ.).

21. Voskoboinikov V.G., Kudrin V.A., Yakushev A.M. Obshchaya metallurgiya: ucheb. dlya vuzov [General metallurgy: Textbook for  universities]. Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1998, 768 p. (In Russ.).

22. Zagainov S.A., Tleugabulov S.M., Mikhalev V.A., Kushnarev A.V .  Coal-dust fuel can successfully be applied in blast-furnace melting  of titanomagnetite. Chernaya metallurgiya. Byul. in­ta “Chermetinformatsiya”. 2014, no. 3, pp. 42–46. (In Russ.).