blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"blackmet-953Research ArticleМЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИMETALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIESОб развитии металлургии под давлениемРашевЦоло

Работал 15 лет в заводах классической и специальной металлургии. Основатель и руководитель департамента новых сталей Института металловедения Болгарской Академии Наук, учредитель и директор Института спецсталей НИПКИТОКС, руководитель национальных программ по азотистым и высокоазотистым сталям.

tsolo_rashev@yahoo.comЖековаЛюбовkdlacky@yahoo.comБогевПавелbogev53@abv.bg201706012017601953Copyright © Рашев Ц., Жекова Л., Богев П., 20172017Рашев Ц., Жекова Л., Богев П.Рашев Ц., Жекова Л., Богев П.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/953

В статье делется короткий обзор исторического развития производства железа и стали. Отмечается, что новая металлургия - Металлургия под (газовым) Давлением - МД появилась в конце XX века. Авторы считают, что и на этом раннем этапе МД доказала ряд существенных преимуществ перед Конвенциональной Металлургией - КМ и Вакуумной Металлургией - ВМ. Основные из них: до 4 раза выше предел текучести при уникальном сохранении остальных характеристик; уменьшение расхода или устранение некоторых дорогих легирующих элементов (Ni, Mo, Co, W, Nb и др.); возможность легирования неконвенциональными элементами (Ca, Zn, Pb  и др.); высокую экологию производства; устойчивое развитие ... Вот почему можно ожидать, что МД имеет перспективу на прорывное развитие в области качественной и специальной металлургии. Из известных до сих пор способов МД авторы считают метод Большой Сталеплавильной Ванны - БСВ самым перспективным. Так ли?

Металлургия под Давлением - МДВысокоАзотистые Стали - ВАСазотБольшая Сталеплавильная Ванна - БСВКомпресионно ЭлектроШлаковый Переплав - КЭШПВакуумная Mеталлургия - ВМЭлектроШлаковый Переплав под Давлением - ЭШПД.ReferencesMezenin N. А., Povest o masterah zheleznogo dela, Znanie, Moskva, 1973Mezenin N. А., Povest o masterah zheleznogo dela, Znanie, Moskva, 1973Rashev Ts., Dobivane na legirani stomani, Sofija, BAN, 1978, с. 246, monografija 3. Rashev Ts., Proizvodstvo legirovannoj stali, Moskva, Metallurgija, 1981, с. 258Rashev Ts., Dobivane na legirani stomani, Sofija, BAN, 1978, с. 246, monografija 3. Rashev Ts., Proizvodstvo legirovannoj stali, Moskva, Metallurgija, 1981, с. 258Rashev Ts., Vysokoazotistye stali. Metallurgija pod davleniem, izd. Bolgarskoj Akademii nauk, Sofija, 1995, 268, monografijaRashev Ts., Vysokoazotistye stali. Metallurgija pod davleniem, izd. Bolgarskoj Akademii nauk, Sofija, 1995, 268, monografijaRashev Ts., High nitrogen steels, Metallurgy under pressure, Bulgarien Academy of Science, Sofia, 1995, 268, monographRashev Ts., High nitrogen steels, Metallurgy under pressure, Bulgarien Academy of Science, Sofia, 1995, 268, monographRashev Ts., Basic problems in steelmaking and development of high nitrogen steels (HNS). Thermec 2000, dec 04.08, 2000, Las Vegas, 15-20Rashev Ts., Basic problems in steelmaking and development of high nitrogen steels (HNS). Thermec 2000, dec 04.08, 2000, Las Vegas, 15-20Andreev Ch., Ts. Rashev, Chromium-Manganese Stainless Steels with Nitrogen Content up to 2.10%, Material Science Forum, vols 318-320 (1999), p. 255-258, ed by HanninenAndreev Ch., Ts. Rashev, Chromium-Manganese Stainless Steels with Nitrogen Content up to 2.10%, Material Science Forum, vols 318-320 (1999), p. 255-258, ed by HanninenDimov I., Ts. Rashev, R. Ivanov, Ch. Andreev, Beznikelevie nerzhavejushhie mangano-hromowye stali, Simpozium litye protivodavleniem, doklady, 19-22.04.1973, Varna, Bulgaria, с. 90-102Dimov I., Ts. Rashev, R. Ivanov, Ch. Andreev, Beznikelevie nerzhavejushhie mangano-hromowye stali, Simpozium litye protivodavleniem, doklady, 19-22.04.1973, Varna, Bulgaria, с. 90-102Rashev Ts., On the Perspectives of the Steel-Making Processes in the XXI-st Century, Journal of the Bulgarian Academy of Science, year CVIII, 2, 1995, p. 18-26Rashev Ts., On the Perspectives of the Steel-Making Processes in the XXI-st Century, Journal of the Bulgarian Academy of Science, year CVIII, 2, 1995, p. 18-26Rashev Ts., High Nitrogen Steels and Metallurgy under pressure, HNS 2002, Trans. Indian. Inst. Met., part A, v. 55, No 4, august 2002, p 201-211Rashev Ts., High Nitrogen Steels and Metallurgy under pressure, HNS 2002, Trans. Indian. Inst. Met., part A, v. 55, No 4, august 2002, p 201-211Rashev Ts., Development of laboratory and industrial instalation for One Stage Production of HNS, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, HNS 2003, v. 19, No 1, p 31-40Rashev Ts., Development of laboratory and industrial instalation for One Stage Production of HNS, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, HNS 2003, v. 19, No 1, p 31-40Rashev Ts., Metallurgy under pressure - prospects. Proceeding of annual meeting CMS 2001, China, p 541-549, kitajskijRashev Ts., Metallurgy under pressure - prospects. Proceeding of annual meeting CMS 2001, China, p 541-549, kitajskijRashev Ts., Bulgarian High Nitrogen Steels and their Application for Mold Casting, ARABCHST'97, Egypt, nov. 1997, p 37-46Rashev Ts., Bulgarian High Nitrogen Steels and their Application for Mold Casting, ARABCHST'97, Egypt, nov. 1997, p 37-46Rashev Ts., Anlagen zur Erzengung von hochstickstoffhaltigen, Stahlgus unter Gasdruck, Neue Hutte, Leipzig, nov - dec 1991, p 401-406Rashev Ts., Anlagen zur Erzengung von hochstickstoffhaltigen, Stahlgus unter Gasdruck, Neue Hutte, Leipzig, nov - dec 1991, p 401-406Rashev Ts., Production d'aciers a haute tener en azote souspression gazeuse, La Revue de Metallurgye - CIT / Science et Genie de Materiaux, fev. 1993, p 227-234Rashev Ts., Production d'aciers a haute tener en azote souspression gazeuse, La Revue de Metallurgye - CIT / Science et Genie de Materiaux, fev. 1993, p 227-234Rashev Ts., Ch. Andreev, L. Jekova, Problems of high nitrogen steel development, The 10-th International Conference on High Nitrogen steels, HNS 2009, July 6-8 2009, Moscow, Russia, p. 221-232Rashev Ts., Ch. Andreev, L. Jekova, Problems of high nitrogen steel development, The 10-th International Conference on High Nitrogen steels, HNS 2009, July 6-8 2009, Moscow, Russia, p. 221-232Rashev Ts., S. Semerdjiev, Machinen fur die industrielle Herstellung inter gosdruck von Formgussteilen aus hochstickstafthaltigen stahlen. Ergebnisse der Werkstoff Foischang, Band 4, Stickstoff-legierte Stahle, M. I. Speidel, P. V. Uggwitzer, 1991, Zurich, p 229-250Rashev Ts., S. Semerdjiev, Machinen fur die industrielle Herstellung inter gosdruck von Formgussteilen aus hochstickstafthaltigen stahlen. Ergebnisse der Werkstoff Foischang, Band 4, Stickstoff-legierte Stahle, M. I. Speidel, P. V. Uggwitzer, 1991, Zurich, p 229-250Rashev Ts., H. Penchev, Biologically stimulating economically alloyed high nitrogen stainless steels in medicine and stomatology, International congress Hign Nitrogen Steels '95, Kyoto, Japan, p 251-257Rashev Ts., H. Penchev, Biologically stimulating economically alloyed high nitrogen stainless steels in medicine and stomatology, International congress Hign Nitrogen Steels '95, Kyoto, Japan, p 251-257Andreev Ch., Ts. Rashev, Structure and properties of austenitic steels with over 2.15% nitrogen, 4-th international conference HNS'95, sept 27-29 1995, Kioto, Japan, p 69Andreev Ch., Ts. Rashev, Structure and properties of austenitic steels with over 2.15% nitrogen, 4-th international conference HNS'95, sept 27-29 1995, Kioto, Japan, p 69Jekova L., Ts Rashev, Nickel Free Manganese Stainless High Nitrogen Steels, International conference HNS '04, 19-22.09.2004, Ostend, Belgium, p 144-149Jekova L., Ts Rashev, Nickel Free Manganese Stainless High Nitrogen Steels, International conference HNS '04, 19-22.09.2004, Ostend, Belgium, p 144-149Mudali K., R. Baldev, Ts. Rashev, M. Speidel, J. Foct. High nitrogen steels, Manufacturing, properties and applications, Narosa, New Delhi, India, 2006, monographMudali K., R. Baldev, Ts. Rashev, M. Speidel, J. Foct. High nitrogen steels, Manufacturing, properties and applications, Narosa, New Delhi, India, 2006, monographStein G., J. Menzel, Industrial manufacture of massively nitrogen - alloyed steels, HNS '88, The Institute of Metalls, London, 1989, p 32-38Stein G., J. Menzel, Industrial manufacture of massively nitrogen - alloyed steels, HNS '88, The Institute of Metalls, London, 1989, p 32-38Berns H., W. Trojahn, HW Zoch, On the benefits of nitrogen in bearing steels, Proc.3rd Ascometal Bearing Steels Symposium, Juni 2000, Arles, Frankreich, p 119-123Berns H., W. Trojahn, HW Zoch, On the benefits of nitrogen in bearing steels, Proc.3rd Ascometal Bearing Steels Symposium, Juni 2000, Arles, Frankreich, p 119-123Stein G., V. Diehl, High nitrogen alloyed steels on the move-fields of application, HNS 2004, 421-426Stein G., V. Diehl, High nitrogen alloyed steels on the move-fields of application, HNS 2004, 421-426Gavrilyuk V. G., Berns H., High nitrogen steels, Berlin, Springer, 1999, monodraphGavrilyuk V. G., Berns H., High nitrogen steels, Berlin, Springer, 1999, monodraphMagdowski R. and M. Speidel, High Strength Austenitic Material, Fully Resistant to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclearr Environments, paper No 445, CORROSION '99, NACE International, Huston, TX, USAMagdowski R. and M. Speidel, High Strength Austenitic Material, Fully Resistant to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Nuclearr Environments, paper No 445, CORROSION '99, NACE International, Huston, TX, USAWohlfromm H., Ugowitzer P. J. and Speidel M. O., Panacea provides the ansver to Ni allergy, PM Special feature, Metal Powder Reports. v 53, No 9, sept., 1998, p 48-52Wohlfromm H., Ugowitzer P. J. and Speidel M. O., Panacea provides the ansver to Ni allergy, PM Special feature, Metal Powder Reports. v 53, No 9, sept., 1998, p 48-52Hochovter G., P. Ugowitzer, Ruth Magdowski, M. P. Speidel, Mechanical and corrosion properties of a new superduplex grade with increased nitrogen content, Com Proceading Euromaterial, '99, 27-29.09.99, MunhenHochovter G., P. Ugowitzer, Ruth Magdowski, M. P. Speidel, Mechanical and corrosion properties of a new superduplex grade with increased nitrogen content, Com Proceading Euromaterial, '99, 27-29.09.99, MunhenHNS '93, Proceeding of the 3-rd International Conference, ed. by V. G. Gavriljuk, part I, II, Kiev, Ukraine, sept 14-16, 1993HNS '93, Proceeding of the 3-rd International Conference, ed. by V. G. Gavriljuk, part I, II, Kiev, Ukraine, sept 14-16, 1993High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'88, Proceeding of the 1-th International Conference, J. Foct and H. Henry, Eds., The Institute of the Metall, may 18-20, 1988High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'88, Proceeding of the 1-th International Conference, J. Foct and H. Henry, Eds., The Institute of the Metall, may 18-20, 1988High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'89, Proceeding of the Conference, Ts. Rashev and Ch. Andreev, Eds., 1-3 oct, 1989, Varna, Bulgaria, v I, IIHigh Nitrogen Steels, HNS'89, Proceeding of the Conference, Ts. Rashev and Ch. Andreev, Eds., 1-3 oct, 1989, Varna, Bulgaria, v I, IIHigh Nitrogen Steels, HNS'93, Proceeding, Gavriljuk V. G., Kiev, 1993High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'93, Proceeding, Gavriljuk V. G., Kiev, 1993Special Issue on High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'95, ISIJ International Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, v 36, No 7, 1996Special Issue on High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'95, ISIJ International Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, v 36, No 7, 1996HNS'98, Proceeding of the 5-th International Conference of HNS, H. Hanninen, Trans Tech. Publication LTD, Held in Espoo, Finland, may 27-28, 1998, Stocholm, Sweeden, may 27-28, 1998HNS'98, Proceeding of the 5-th International Conference of HNS, H. Hanninen, Trans Tech. Publication LTD, Held in Espoo, Finland, may 27-28, 1998, Stocholm, Sweeden, may 27-28, 1998High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2002, Madras, India, Trans. Indian Institute Met., part A, B. v 55, No 4, aug 2002High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2002, Madras, India, Trans. Indian Institute Met., part A, B. v 55, No 4, aug 2002High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2003, eds Speidel M. O., Institute of Metallurgy, Swissland, ETH, Zurich, 2003High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2003, eds Speidel M. O., Institute of Metallurgy, Swissland, ETH, Zurich, 2003High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2004, Proceeding of the 7-th International Conference, N. Akdut, J. Foct, eds GRIPS media, Ostend, BelgiumHigh Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2004, Proceeding of the 7-th International Conference, N. Akdut, J. Foct, eds GRIPS media, Ostend, BelgiumHigh Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2006, Proceeding of High Nitrogen Steels 2006, H. Dong, M. O. Speidel, eds, Beijing, Metallurgical Industries Press, 2006High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2006, Proceeding of High Nitrogen Steels 2006, H. Dong, M. O. Speidel, eds, Beijing, Metallurgical Industries Press, 2006High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2009, Proceeding of the 8-th International Conference, Swiazyn A. G., ed, Moscow, 2009High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2009, Proceeding of the 8-th International Conference, Swiazyn A. G., ed, Moscow, 2009High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2012, Proceeding of International Conference, K. Mudali and R. Baldev, eds, Madras, India, 2012High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2012, Proceeding of International Conference, K. Mudali and R. Baldev, eds, Madras, India, 2012High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2014, International Conference, Germany, 2014High Nitrogen Steels, HNS'2014, International Conference, Germany, 2014www.inteco.at (broshura for P-ESR and ESR)www.inteco.at (broshura for P-ESR and ESR)Medovar B. I., Jelektroshlakovye pechi, Kiev, 1976, s.414Medovar B. I., Jelektroshlakovye pechi, Kiev, 1976, s.414Medovar B. I., Medovar L. B., Sachko V. I., Electroslag technology in XXI st, Advance in Special Elektrometallurgy, No1 (62), 2001, 12-17Medovar B. I., Medovar L. B., Sachko V. I., Electroslag technology in XXI st, Advance in Special Elektrometallurgy, No1 (62), 2001, 12-17Foct J., Futur Development and Application of Nitrogen - Bearing Steels and Stainless Steels in Mudali K., High Nitrogen Steels and Stainless Steels, Narosa, 2006, p 256-264Foct J., Futur Development and Application of Nitrogen - Bearing Steels and Stainless Steels in Mudali K., High Nitrogen Steels and Stainless Steels, Narosa, 2006, p 256-264

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.