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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2016-8-576-580</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-936</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИЯ РЕЛЬСОВОЙ СТАЛИ: ДЕГРАДАЦИЯ СТРУКТУРЫ И СВОЙСТВ ПОВЕРХНОСТНОГО СЛОЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>RAIL STEEL OPERATION: DEGRADATION OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF SURFACE LAYER</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Leading Researcher</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер кафедры физики им. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer of the Chair of Physics named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozov_kv75@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перегудов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peregudov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер кафедры физики им. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Engineer of the Chair of Physics named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой физики им. В.М. Финкеля</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Head of the Chair of Physics named after V.M. Finkel</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН (634055, Россия, Томск, пр. Академический, 2/3);&#13;
Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет&#13;
(634050, Россия, Томск, пр. Ленина, 30)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia;&#13;
National Research Tomsk Polytechnical University, Tomsk, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет (654007, Россия, Кемеровская обл., Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University, Novokuznetsk, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>576</fpage><lpage>580</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов Ю.Ф., Морозов К.В., Перегудов О.А., Громов В.Е., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов Ю.Ф., Морозов К.В., Перегудов О.А., Громов В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov Y.F., Morozov K.V., Peregudov O.A., Gromov V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/936">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/936</self-uri><abstract><p>Методами оптической, сканирующей, просвечивающей электронной дифракционной микроскопии и путем измерения микротвердости и трибологических параметров установлены закономерности изменения структурно-фазовых состояний и дефектной субструктуры поверхности рельсов после длительной эксплуатации (пропущенный тоннаж 500 и 1000 млн. т брутто). Показано, что скорость износа увеличивается в 3,0 и 3,4 раза при пропущенном тоннаже 500 и 1000 млн. т соответственно, а коэффициент трения снижается в 1,4 и 1,1 раза. После пропущенного тоннажа 500 млн. т пластины цементита полностью разрушаются и формируются частицы цементита округлой формы размерами 10 – 50 нм. После пропущенного тоннажа 1000 млн. т отмечено протекание начальной стадии динамической рекристаллизации. Обсуждены возможные причины наблюдаемых закономерностей. Отмечено, что возможно протекание двух конкурирующих процессов при эксплуатации рельсов: процесса разрезания частиц цементита с последующим выносом их в объем ферритных зерен или пластин (в структуре перлита); процесса разрезания, последующего растворения частиц цементита, перехода атомов углерода на дислокации (атмосферы Коттрелла), перенос атомов углерода дислокациями в объем зерен (или пластин) феррита с последующим формированием наноразмерных частиц цементита.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Using the methods of optical, scanning and transmission electron diffraction microscopy as well as microhardness and tribology parameters measurement the authors have established the changes regularities of structure-phase states, defect substructure of rails surface after the long term operation (passed tonnage of gross weight of 500 and 1000  mln. tons). It has been shown that the wear rate increases in 3 and 3.4 times after passed tonnage of gross weight of 500 and 1000 mln. tons, accordingly, and the friction coefficient decreases in 1.4 and 1.1 times. The cementite plates are destroyed absolutely and cementite particles of around form with the sizes of 10–50 nm are formed after passed tonnage of 500 mln. tons. The appearance of dynamical recrystallization initial stages is marked after the passed tonnage of 1000 mln. tons. The possible mechanisms of established regularities have been discussed in the work. It has been noted that two competitive processes can take place during rails long term operation: 1. process of cutting of cementite particles followed by their carrying out into the volume of ferrite grains or plates (in the structure of pearlite); 2. process of cutting, the subsequent dissolution of cementite particles, transition of carbon atoms to dislocations (into Cottrell atmospheres), transition of carbon atoms by dislocations into volume of ferrite grains or plates followed by repeat formation of nanosize cementite particles.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рельсы</kwd><kwd>эксплуатация</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>дефектная субструктура</kwd><kwd>фазовый состав</kwd><kwd>поверхностный слой</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rails</kwd><kwd>operation</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>defect substructure</kwd><kwd>phase composition</kwd><kwd>surface layer</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gromov V.Е., Yuriev A.B., Morozov K.V., Ivanov Yu.F. 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