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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2014-12-29-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-545</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ И НАНОТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СТРУКТУРНО-ФАЗОВЫЕ СОСТОЯНИЯ И ДЕФЕКТНАЯ СУБСТРУКТУРА ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВАННО ЗАКАЛЕННЫХ РЕЛЬСОВ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>STRUCTURE PHASE STATES AND DEFECT SUBSTRUCTURE OF DIFFERENTIALLY HARDENED RAILS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Head of Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yur’iev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.т.н., управляющий директор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Managing Director</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>соискатель</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Applicant</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.ф.-м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Phys.-math.), Professor, Chief Researcher</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алсараева</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alsaraeva</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет(654007, Россия, Новокузнецк, Кемеровская обл., ул. Кирова, 42)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University (42, Kirova str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region, 654007, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОАО «ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК»(654043, Россия, Новокузнецк, Кемеровская обл., шоссе Космическое, 16)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>OJSC “EVRAZ – WSMP” (16,  Kosmicheskoe  highway, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region, 654043, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет(634036, Россия, Томск, пр. Ленина, 30)&#13;
Институт сильноточной электроники СО РАН(634055, Россия, Томск, пр. Академический, 2/3)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics SB RAS (2/3, Akademicheeskii pr., Tomsk, 634036, Russia)&#13;
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (Tomsk, Russia)(30, Lenina pr., Tomsk, 634036, Russia)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>57</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Громов В.Е., Юрьев А.Б., Морозов К.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., Алсараева К.В., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громов В.Е., Юрьев А.Б., Морозов К.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., Алсараева К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromov V.E., Yur’iev A.B., Morozov K.V., Ivanov Y.F., Alsaraeva K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/545">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/545</self-uri><abstract><p>Дифференцированная закалка рельсов сжатым воздухом является самым перспективным методом упрочнения. Методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии проведен послойный анализ дифференцированно закаленных рельсов, установлены количественные параметры структуры, фазового состава и дислокационной субструктуры, проведено их сравнение для различных режимов закалки. Установлено, что дифференцированная закалка рельсов сжатым воздухом в различных режимах сопровождается формированием морфологически различной структуры, образующейся по диффузионному механизму γ → αпревращения и состоящей из зерен пластинчатого перлита, свободного феррита и зерен ферритокарбидной смеси. Формирующаяся структура имеет явно выраженный градиентный характер: состояние поверхностного слоя исследуемой рельсовой стали зависит не только от режима закалки, но и направления исследования и глубины залегания анализируемого слоя. Выявлена дислокационная субструктура в виде хаотически распределенных дислокаций, сетчатая,ячеистая и фрагментированная дислокационная субструктуры. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The differential quenching of  the rails by compressed air is the most  perspective  strengthening method. The layer by layer analysis of differentially quenched rails is carried out using transmission electron microscopy methods  and  the  quantitative  parameters  of  structure,  phase  composition  and  dislocation  substructure  are  established and comparison of  these parameters  for different quenching regimes is made. It is established that the differentiated hardening of rails by compressed air in different regimes is accompanied by the formation of morphologically different structure, being formed according to the diffusion mechanism of γ → α transformation and consisting of plate perlite grains, free ferrite grains and grains of ferritecarbide mixture. The being formed structure has the expressed gradient character: surface layer state of rail steel depends not only on the quenching regime but on the investigation direction and the depths of analyzed layer from the  surface. The dislocation  substructure  in  the  form of  chaos, nets, cells and fragments is revealed. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>закалка</kwd><kwd> рельсы</kwd><kwd> структура</kwd><kwd> фазовый состав</kwd><kwd> дислокационная субструктура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hardening</kwd><kwd> rails</kwd><kwd> structure</kwd><kwd> phase composition</kwd><kwd> dislocation substructure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борц А.И., Шур Е.А., Рейхарт В.А. и др. 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