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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2026-3-308-315</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-3092</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ В ЧЕРНОЙ  МЕТАЛЛУРГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL IN FERROUS METALLURGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Математическая модель наполнения горна доменной печи</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mathematical model of blast furnace hearth filling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-0215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дмитриев</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dmitriev</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Николаевич Дмитриев, д.т.н., главный научный сотрудник лаборатории пирометаллургии восстановительных процессов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei N. Dmitriev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Pyrometallurgy of Reduction Processes</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.dmitriev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7023-5734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Витькин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vit’kin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Александрович Витькин, инженер-конструктор</p><p>Россия, 620078, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 33</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Vit’kin, Design Engineer</p><p>33 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620078, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dimantg85@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8923-9872</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотых</surname><given-names>М. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotykh</surname><given-names>M. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Олегович Золотых, к.т.н., ведущий инженер лаборатории пирометаллургии восстановительных процессов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim O. Zolotykh, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Engineer of the Laboratory of Pyrometallurgy of Reduction Processes</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">max@zolotyh.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1076-2709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Витькина</surname><given-names>Г. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vit’kina</surname><given-names>G. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галина Юрьевна Витькина, к.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией пирометаллургии восстановительных процессов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galina Yu. Vit’kina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Pyrometallurgy of Reduction Processes</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">20procents@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Калугин»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC Kalugin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>308</fpage><lpage>315</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дмитриев А.Н., Витькин Д.А., Золотых М.О., Витькина Г.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дмитриев А.Н., Витькин Д.А., Золотых М.О., Витькина Г.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dmitriev A.N., Vit’kin D.A., Zolotykh M.O., Vit’kina G.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3092">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3092</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлена математическая модель для оценки наполнения и опорожнения горна доменной печи жидкими продуктами плавки – чугуном и шлаком. Разработанный алгоритм основан на интеграции данных материального баланса, химического состава шихтовых материалов и истории выпусков, что обеспечивает высокую точность расчетов как в реальном времени, так и при анализе исторических данных. Модель применена к доменной печи полезным объёмом 2000 м3 с учётом геометрических параметров горна. Учтены физические свойства материалов, включая плотность чугуна и кажущуюся плотность вспененного шлака, а также порозность коксовой насадки. Алгоритм включает в себя несколько этапов: запрос данных о последних шести выпусках, обработку пропущенных значений методом импутации средними, валидацию временных интервалов и расчёт динамики наполнения и опорожнения горна. Расчёт выполняется с шагом дискретизации 5 мин с использованием одномерной модели, учитывающей поступление железа с рудой и золой кокса, а также объёмы выпущенных продуктов. Особое внимание уделено коррекции результатов с учётом допустимых уровней наполнения и временной задержки начала выпуска шлака. Модель позволяет прогнозировать уровни чугуна и шлака в любой заданный момент времени, что делает её полезным инструментом для технологов. Результаты визуализируются в виде 3D-профилей заполнения горна. Разработанная система способствует повышению безопасности, стабильности и эффективности доменного процесса, предотвращая переполнение горна и оптимизируя режим выпусков. Модель может быть интегрирована в цифровые двойники доменных печей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents a mathematical model for estimating the filling and emptying of a blast furnace hearth with liquid smelting products, namely iron and slag. The developed algorithm is based on integration of material balance data, chemical composition of charge materials, and history of discharges. This ensures high accuracy of calculations both in real time and when analyzing historical data. The model is applied to a blast furnace with a volume of 2000 m3, with the hearth geometric parameters being taken into account. In this study, physical properties of the materials in question are considered, incorporating such metrics as hot iron density, apparent density of foamed slag, and porosity of coke charge. The algorithm comprises multiple stages, including the request of data on the last six discharges, the processing of missing values by means of imputation with averages, validation of time intervals, and calculation of the dynamics of furnace filling and emptying. The calculation was performed with a 5-minute sampling interval using a one-dimensional model that takes into account the supply of iron with ore and coke ash, as well as the volumes of products tapped. It is imperative to emphasize the meticulous attention devoted to the results rectification with consideration for the stipulated filling limits and the temporal allowance prior to the initiation of slag discharge. The model enables the calculation of the levels of hot iron and slag at any given moment in time, thus constituting a useful tool for technologists. The results are presented as three-dimensional profiles illustrating the furnace filling process. The developed system contributes to improving the safety, stability, and efficiency of the blast furnace process by preventing furnace overflow and optimizing the tapping mode. The model can be integrated into digital twins of blast furnaces.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>доменная печь</kwd><kwd>горн</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>наполнение</kwd><kwd>опорожнение</kwd><kwd>контроль</kwd><kwd>объем расплава</kwd><kwd>высота чугуна и шлака</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blast furnace</kwd><kwd>furnace</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd><kwd>filling</kwd><kwd>emptying</kwd><kwd>control</kwd><kwd>melt volume</kwd><kwd>height of hot iron and slag</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках реализации Государственного задания ИМЕТ УрО РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the State assignment of the Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brännbacka J., Saxen H. 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