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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2026-3-265-271</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-3086</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прочность и механизм разрушения серого чугуна при различных видах нагружения. Часть 1. Статическая трещиностойкость и прочность образцов при растяжении и кручении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Strength and failure mechanism of gray cast iron under various loading conditions. Part 1. Static crack resistance, tensile and torsional strength of the samples</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4928-7415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клевцов</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klevtsov</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий Всеволодович Клевцов, д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Сварка, обработка материалов давлением и родственные процессы»</p><p>Россия, 445667, Самарская обл., Тольятти, Белорусская ул., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennadii V. Klevtsov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof. of the Chair of Welding, Pressure Processing and Related Processes</p><p>14 Belorusskaya Str., Togliatti, Samara Region 445667, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">klevtsov11948@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-4191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линдеров</surname><given-names>М. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linderov</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Леонидович Линдеров, к.ф.-м.н., старший научный сотрудник НИИ прогрессивных технологий</p><p>Россия, 445667, Самарская обл., Тольятти, Белорусская ул., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail L. Linderov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher of the Research Institute of Advanced Technologies</p><p>14 Belorusskaya Str., Togliatti, Samara Region 445667, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dartvi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-656X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клевцова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klevtsova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Артуровна Клевцова, д.т.н., доцент, профессор кафед­ры «Сварка, обработка материалов давлением и родственные процессы»</p><p>Россия, 445667, Самарская обл., Тольятти, Белорусская ул., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya N. A. Klevtsova, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Prof. of the Chair of Welding, Pressure Processing and Related Processes</p><p>14 Belorusskaya Str., Togliatti, Samara Region 445667, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inshtet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4584-6638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фесенюк</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fesenyuk</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Викторович Фесенюк, к.т.н., начальник отдела</p><p>Россия, 460005, Оренбург, ул. Шевченко, 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Fesenyuk, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Division</p><p>26 Shevchenko Str., Orenburg 460005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maksim_fesenyuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1828-6102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрьков</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyur’kov</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Николаевич Тюрьков, к.ф.-м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Прикладная механика и инженерная графика»</p><p>Россия, 445667, Самарская обл., Тольятти, Белорусская ул., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim N. Tyur’kov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assist. Prof., Head of the Chair of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Graphics</p><p>14 Belorusskaya Str., Togliatti, Samara Region 445667, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">turkovmn@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пигалева</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pigaleva</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина Николаевна Пигалева, заведующий лабораторией кафед­ры «Сварка, обработка материалов давлением и родственные процессы»</p><p>Россия, 445667, Самарская обл., Тольятти, Белорусская ул., 14</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina N. Pigaleva, Head of Laboratory of the Chair of Welding, Pressure Processing and Related Processes</p><p>14 Belorusskaya Str., Togliatti, Samara Region 445667, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">irina1.985@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тольяттинский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Togliatti State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «ПО «Стрела»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC Production Association “Strela”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>271</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Клевцов Г.В., Линдеров М.Л., Клевцова Н.А., Фесенюк М.В., Тюрьков М.Н., Пигалева И.Н., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Клевцов Г.В., Линдеров М.Л., Клевцова Н.А., Фесенюк М.В., Тюрьков М.Н., Пигалева И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Klevtsov G.V., Linderov M.L., Klevtsova N.A., Fesenyuk M.V., Tyur’kov M.N., Pigaleva I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3086">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3086</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторы исследовали образцы из феррито-перлитного серого чугуна СЧ15 в литом состоянии (σв = 121 ± 7 МПа). Растяжение цилинд­рических образцов диаметром 20 мм осуществляли на испытательной машине Н50КТ. Испытания чугуна на статическую трещино­стойкость проводились при температурах 20, –70 и –196 °С на призматических образцах толщиной 10 и 20 мм по схеме трехточечного изгиба на установке Instron 8801. Авторы оценивали выполнение условий плоской деформации (ПД) по критерию t/(KQ /σ0,2)2 ≥ 0,6, указанному в ГОСТ 25.506 – 85, а также по критерию hmax/t &lt; 10–2, где hmax – максимальная глубина пластической зоны под поверхностью изломов, t – толщина образца. Глубину пластических зон под поверхностью изломов определяли рентгеновским методом. Испытание на кручение цилиндрических образцов с диаметром рабочей части 10 мм и длиной 50 мм проводили при температуре 20 °С на установке МК-50. Авторы исследовали микрорельеф поверхности изломов с помощью растрового микроскопа SIGMA фирмы «ZEISS». Испытания чугуна на статическую трещиностойкость показали, что условие ПД по ГОСТ 25.506 – 85 соблюдается только в образцах толщиной 20 мм при температуре –70 °С. Однако, согласно критерию hmax/t, условие ПД соблюдается для всех образцов, независимо от толщины и температуры испытания. Таким образом, полученные значения статической трещиностойкости (20,6 ± 1,5 МПа·м1/2) соответствуют K1С . В области статического разрушения, независимо от толщины образцов и температуры испытания, разрушение чугуна происходило по механизмам межзеренного хрупкого разрушения и скола. Результаты испытания на кручение показали, что зарождение трещин происходит на графитовых включениях вблизи поверхности образцов. Дальнейшее разрушение произошло под некоторым углом к сечению образца по механизму скола.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors studied the samples of as-cast ferritic-pearlitic GG15 gray cast iron with lamellar graphite (σu = 121 ± 7 MPa). Tension of 20 mm diameter cylindrical samples was performed on N50KT testing machine. Static crack resistance tests of cast iron were carried out at temperatures of 20, –70 and –196 °C on 10 and 20 mm thick prismatic samples using a three-point bending scheme on Instron 8802 testing machine. The authors estimated the implementation of plane strain (PS) conditions by the t/(KQ /σ0.2)2 ≥ 0.6 criterion specified in GOST 25.506 – 85, as well as by the hmax/t &lt; 10–2 criterion, where hmax is the maximum depth of the plastic zone under the fracture surface, t is the sample thickness. Depth of the plastic zones beneath the fractures surface was determined using X-ray diffraction. Tensile tests on cylindrical samples with a 10 mm diame­ter and 50 mm length were conducted at 20 °C using MK-50 tester. The authors examined the fractures surface microrelief using SIGMA scanning electron microscope (ZEISS). Static crack resistance tests of cast iron showed that at 20 °C, the PS condition according to GOST 25.506 – 85 is met only for 20 mm thick samples at –70 °C. However, according to the hmax/t criterion, the PS condition is met for all the samples, regardless of thickness and testing temperature. Therefore, the obtained static crack resistance values ​​(20.6 ± 1.5 MPa·m1/2) correspond to K1C . To evaluate the PS conditions of GG15 cast iron, it is proposed to use the criterion t/(KQ /σ0.2)2 ≥ 0.38. In the static failure area, regardless of the sample thickness and test temperature, cast iron destruction occurred via intergranular brittle failure and cleavage mechanisms. Results from tensile tests of the samples showed that crack initiation occurred at graphite inclusions near the sample surface. Subsequent sample failure occurred at an angle to the sample cross-section by a cleavage mechanism.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>серый чугун</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>механизм разрушения</kwd><kwd>статическая трещиностойкость</kwd><kwd>макро- и микрорельеф изломов</kwd><kwd>растяжение</kwd><kwd>кручение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gray cast iron</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>failure mechanism</kwd><kwd>static crack resistance</kwd><kwd>fracture macrorelief</kwd><kwd>fracture microrelief</kwd><kwd>tension</kwd><kwd>torsion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гиршович Н.Г. Кристаллизация и свойства чугуна в отливках. Москва: Машиностроение; 1966:562.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Girshovich N.G. Crystallization and Properties of Cast Iron in Castings. 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