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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2026-2-190-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-3048</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование эволюции оксидных неметаллических включений при производстве трубной стали</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of oxide non-metallic inclusions in production of pipe steel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7594-8757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хорошилов</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khoroshilov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Дмитриевич Хорошилов, руководитель группы развития «Металлургия стали и сплавов»</p><p>Россия, 115409, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei D. Khoroshilov, Head of the Development Group “Metallurgy of Steel and Alloys”</p><p>49 Kashirskoe Route, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khoroshilovad@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5669-4262</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорович</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigorovich</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Всеволодович Григорович, академик РАН, д.т.н., заведующий лабораторией диагностики материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin V. Grigorovich, Academician, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Laboratory of Materials Diagnostics</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">grigorov@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9517-8263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комолова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komolova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Александровна Комолова, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ol’ga A. Komolova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials Diagnostics</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.a.komolova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-1746</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>K. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Юрьевич Демин, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin Yu. Demin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials Diagnostics</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@imet.ac.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7554-1467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Католиков</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Katolikov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Дмитриевич Католиков, главный эксперт по продукту «КИП и легирующие элементы»</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir D. Katolikov, Chief Expert on the Product “Calcium Injection Wire and Alloying Elements”</p><p>49 Kashirskoe Route, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vdkatolikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7276-3100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Низаев</surname><given-names>Р. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nizaev</surname><given-names>R. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ринат Фагимович Низаев, ведущий инженер-технолог (по совершенствованию технологических процессов) отдела технологии сталеплавильного производства службы главного сталепла­вильщика</p><p>Россия, 623112, Свердловская обл., Первоуральск, ул. Торговая, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rinat F. Nizaev, Leading Engineer-Technologist (for improving technological processes) of the Department of Steelmaking Technology of the Chief Steelmaker’s Service</p><p>1 Torgovaya Str., Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Region 623112, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rinat.nizaev@tmk-group.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9002-8653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глубоков</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glubokov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Михайлович Глубоков, главный специалист по продукту «КИП и легирующие элементы»</p><p>Россия, 115409, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei M. Glubokov, Chief Specialist on the Product “Calcium Injection Wire and Alloying Elements”</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">SMGlubokov@rosatom.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жемков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhemkov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Алексеевич Жемков, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton A. Zhemkov, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials Diagnostics</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zhemkov96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-4088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Олегович Морозов, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton O. Morozov, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials Diagnostics</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morozov-morozov.an@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-5996</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ем</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Em</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Юрьевич Ем, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории диагностики материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton Yu. Em, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials Diagnostics</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tony.yem1994@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Росатом МеталлТех»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rosatom Metal Tech LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Rosatom Metal Tech LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОАО «Первоуральский новотрубный завод»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC Pervouralsk New Pipe Plant</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Росатом МеталлТех»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>190</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хорошилов А.Д., Григорович К.В., Комолова О.А., Демин К.Ю., Католиков В.Д., Низаев Р.Ф., Глубоков С.М., Жемков А.А., Морозов А.О., Ем А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хорошилов А.Д., Григорович К.В., Комолова О.А., Демин К.Ю., Католиков В.Д., Низаев Р.Ф., Глубоков С.М., Жемков А.А., Морозов А.О., Ем А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khoroshilov A.D., Grigorovich K.V., Komolova O.A., Demin K.Y., Katolikov V.D., Nizaev R.F., Glubokov S.M., Zhemkov A.A., Morozov A.O., Em A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3048">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3048</self-uri><abstract><p>В условиях трубопрокатного завода при производстве 12 плавок среднеуглеродистой экономнолегированной раскисленной алюминием стали было отобрано по 10 проб от каждой плавки с различных этапов производства – от начала внепечной обработки до трубного проката. Пробы были исследованы методом высокотемпературной экстракции в несущем газе для определения общего содержания кислорода и методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии для определения состава и размерного распределения неметаллических включений. Установлена динамика изменения содержания включений по следующим критериям: общее содержание кислорода, объемная доля, плотность включений, средний диаметр включений. Состав неметаллических включений был нанесен на тройные диаграммы: оксидная составляющая на диаграммы CaO – Al2O3 – SiO2 и CaO – Al2O3 – MgO, сульфидная составляющая на диаграмму Ca – Mn – S. Тем самым установлена траектория изменения химического состава включений в процессе производства стали. Показана роль обработки стали кальцием и важность соблюдения термодинамических условий модифицирования неметаллических включений до целевого состояния. Установлена связь между отклонением в параметрах кальциевой обработки, составом неметаллических включений, разливаемостью стали и отсортировкой трубной продукции по поверхностным и внутренним дефектам. Показано, что снижение общего содержания кислорода, ключевого маркера загрязненности стали оксидными неметаллическими включениями, практически не происходит на основном по продолжительности этапе внепечной обработки стали. Наиболее высокая интенсивность рафинирования стали от включений наблюдается на этапе между пробами до и после обработки стали кальцием, временной интервал между которыми составлял не более 10 мин. Сопоставлением полученных данных по химическому составу включений с расчетными данными по границе области жидкой фазы системы CaO – Al2O3 – SiO2 – MgO показано, что на данном этапе наблюдается преобразование химического и фазового составов неметаллических включений. После присадки кальция состав оксидных неметаллических включений смещался в область жидкости системы CaO – Al2O3 – SiO2 при 10 мас. % MgO и температуре 1600 °C.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Under the conditions of pipe rolling mill, during the production of 12 heats of medium-carbon aluminum-killed steel, 10 samples were taken from each heat at different stages of production – from the beginning of ladle treatment to pipe rolling. The samples were examined by high-temperature extraction in a carrier gas to determine the total oxygen content and by scanning electron microscopy to determine the composition and size distribution of non-metallic inclusions. The dynamics of change in the content of inclusions was established according to the following criteria: total oxygen content, volume fraction, density and average diameter of inclusions. The composition of non-metallic inclusions was plotted on ternary diagrams: the oxide component on the diagrams CaO – Al2O3 – SiO2 and CaO – Al2O3 – MgO, the sulfide – on Ca – Mn – S. The trajectory of change in the chemical composition of inclusions in the steelmaking process was established. The paper shows the role of steel treatment with calcium and importance of observing thermodynamic conditions. A relationship is established between deviations in calcium treatment parameters, composition of non-metallic inclusions, steel castability and sorting of pipe products by surface and internal defects. Decreasing total oxygen content, practically does not occur at the main stage of ladle treatment. The highest intensity of steel refining from inclusions is observed at the stage between the samples before and after steel treatment with calcium, this time interval is less than 10 min. Comparison of the obtained data on the chemical composition of inclusions with the calculated data on the boundary of liquid phase region of the CaO – Al2O3 – SiO2 – MgO system shows that at this stage, the chemical and phase composition of non-metallic inclusions is transformed. After the addition of calcium, the composition of oxide non-metallic inclusions shifted to the liquid region of the CaO – Al2O3 – SiO2 system at MgO content of 10 wt. % and 1600 °C.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неметаллические включения</kwd><kwd>трубная сталь</kwd><kwd>обработка кальцием</kwd><kwd>модифицирование включений</kwd><kwd>разливаемость стали</kwd><kwd>дефекты поверхности</kwd><kwd>дефекты УЗК</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-metallic inclusions</kwd><kwd>pipe steel</kwd><kwd>calcium treatment</kwd><kwd>inclusion modification</kwd><kwd>steel castability</kwd><kwd>surface defects</kwd><kwd>ultrasonic testing defects</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">* По материалам XVI Международной научной конференции «Физико-химические основы металлургических процессов» имени академика А.М. Самарина.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">* Based on the materials of the 16th International Scientific Conference “Physicochemical Foundations of Metallurgical Processes” named after Academician A.M. Samarin.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L., Thomas B.G. Inclusions in continuous casting of steel. In: Conf.: XXIV National Steelmaking Symposium, Morelia, Mich, Mexico, 26-28, Nov. 2003; 138–183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L., Thomas B.G. Inclusions in continuous casting of steel. In: Conf.: XXIV National Steelmaking Symposium, Morelia, Mich, Mexico, 26-28, Nov. 2003; 138–183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varadarajan S., Carlos A., Itavahn A., Ely A. 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