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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2026-2-143-148</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-3040</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Достижение ультранизкого содержания углерода при обработке металла в циркуляционном вакууматоре</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Obtaining ultra-low carbon content in metal processing using a circulation vacuum degasser</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0555-745X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плешивцев</surname><given-names>К. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pleshivtsev</surname><given-names>K. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Николаевич Плешивцев, преподаватель кафедры металлургических технологий</p><p>Россия, 398050, Липецк, ул. Интернациональная, 5а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Konstantin N. Pleshivtsev, Lecturer of the Chair of Metallurgical Technologies</p><p>5a Internatsional’naya Str., Lipetsk 398050, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pleshivtsev.konstantin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9069-1279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Метелкин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Metelkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Алексеевич Метелкин, д.т.н., заместитель начальника научно-исследовательского центра, ПАО «ЕВРАЗ Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат», профессор кафедры металлургии железа и сплавов Института новых материалов и технологий, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</p><p>Россия, 622025, Свердловская область, Нижний Тагил, ул. Металлургов, 1</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatolii A. Metelkin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Deputy Head of the Scientific Research Center, JSC EVRAZ NTMK; Prof. of the Chair of Metallurgy of Iron and Alloys of the Institute of New Materials and Technologies, Ural Fede­ral University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yel­tsin</p><p>1 Metallurgov Str., Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region 622025, Russian Federation</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anatoliy82@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-826X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шешуков</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheshukov</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Юрьевич Шешуков, д.т.н., профессор, директор Института новых материалов и технологий, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина; главный научный сотрудник лаборатории проблем техногенных образований, Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg Yu. Sheshukov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Director of the Institute of New Materials and Technologies, Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Technogenic Formations Problems, Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.j.sheshukov@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Роготовский</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogotovskii</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Николаевич Роготовский, к.т.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой металлургических технологий</p><p>Россия, 398050, Липецк, ул. Интернациональная, 5а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr N. Rogotovskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Head of the Chair of Metallurgical Technologies</p><p>5a Internatsional’naya Str., Lipetsk 398050, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">arogotovskij@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-7191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егиазарьян</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egiazaryan</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Константинович Егиазарьян, к.т.н., доцент кафедры металлургии железа и сплавов Института новых материалов и технологий, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина; заведующий лабораторией проблем техногенных образований, Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis K. Egiazaryan, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of Chair of Iron and Alloys Metallurgy, Ural Federal University named after first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; Head of the Laboratory of Technogenic Formations Problems, Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avari@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корюков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koryukov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Васильевич Корюков, главный специалист по техничес­кому развитию сталеплавильного производства</p><p>Россия, 622025, Свердловская область, Нижний Тагил, ул. Металлургов, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Koryukov, Chief Specialist in Technical Development of Steelmaking</p><p>1 Metallurgov Str., Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk Region 622025, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anton.Koryukov@evraz.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Липецкий государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Lipetsk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «ЕВРАЗ Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат»; Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC EVRAZ NTMK; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина; Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «ЕВРАЗ Нижнетагильский металлургический комбинат»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC EVRAZ NTMK</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>143</fpage><lpage>148</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плешивцев К.Н., Метелкин А.А., Шешуков О.Ю., Роготовский А.Н., Егиазарьян Д.К., Корюков А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плешивцев К.Н., Метелкин А.А., Шешуков О.Ю., Роготовский А.Н., Егиазарьян Д.К., Корюков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pleshivtsev K.N., Metelkin A.A., Sheshukov O.Y., Rogotovskii A.N., Egiazaryan D.K., Koryukov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3040">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3040</self-uri><abstract><p>Получение сверхнизкого содержания углерода в стали на уровне менее 0,002 % является критически важной задачей современной металлургии, определяющей качество таких высокотехнологичных продуктов, как электротехнические, суперферритные и аустенитные нержавеющие стали. В представленном исследовании проведен углубленный комплексный анализ кинетики и механизмов декарбонизации металлического расплава в условиях циркуляционного вакуумного агрегата (ЦВА/RH-процесс). Детально изучены пять конкурирующих процессов: десорбция газов с поверхности расплава, гомогенное образование пузырьков оксида углерода {СО} в объеме металла, гетерогенное формирование пузырьков на поверхности футеровки, диффузия инертного газа-носителя в пузырьки и интенсивное взаимодействие металлических брызг с вакуумной средой. Доминирующим механизмом удаления углерода является гомогенное образование пузырьков {СО} в глубине расплава, эффективность которого в 25 раз превышает эффективность формирования пузырьков на футеровке. Микроструктурный и рентгеноспектральный анализы подтвердили, что в нераскисленном металле присутствуют неметаллические включения (размером 5 – 140 мкм), которые могут служить активными центрами зарождения пузырьков {СО}. На основе промышленных испытаний предложена оптимизация технологических параметров: снижение расхода инертного газа до 80 м3/ч для увеличения поверхности контакта фаз и времени пребывания пузырьков в расплаве, строгое соблюдение времени выдержки перед разливкой в интервале 20 – 30 мин, а также обязательное применение безуглеродной футеровки в сталеразливочном ковше для минимизации вторичного науглероживания. Комплексное применение этих мер позволяет стабильно достигать целевого содержания углерода менее 0,002 %, что подтверждено промышленной практикой.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Obtaining an ultra-low carbon content in steel at a level of less than 0.002 % is a critically important task of modern metallurgy, which determines the quality of such high-tech products as electrical, superferritic and austenitic stainless steels. In the presented study, an in-depth comprehensive analysis of the kinetics and mechanisms of decarburization of a metallic melt under conditions of a circulating vacuum unit (CVA/RH process) was carried out. Five competing processes were studied in detail: desorption of gases from the melt surface, homogeneous formation of carbon monoxide bubbles in metal volume, heterogeneous formation of bubbles on lining surface, diffusion of an inert carrier gas into bubbles, and intense interaction of metal sprays with a vacuum medium. The dominant mechanism of carbon removal is the homogeneous formation of {CO} bubbles in the melt depth, the efficiency of which is 25 times higher than the efficiency of bubble formation on the lining. Microstructural and X-ray spectral analyses confirmed that nonmetallic inclusions (5 – 140 μm in size) are present in the non– deoxidized metal, which can serve as active centers of {CO} bubble nucleation. Based on the industrial tests, optimization of technological parameters was proposed: reduction of the inert gas flow rate to 80 m3/h to increase the contact surface of the phases and the residence time of bubbles in the melt, strict observance of the holding time before casting in the range of 20 – 30 min, as well as the mandatory use of carbon-free lining in the steel ladle to minimize secondary carburization. The integrated application of these measures makes it possible to consistently achieve a target carbon content of less than 0.002 %, which is confirmed by industrial practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циркуляционный вакууматор</kwd><kwd>ультранизкое содержание углерода</kwd><kwd>декарбонизация</kwd><kwd>пузырьки</kwd><kwd>футеровка</kwd><kwd>кислород</kwd><kwd>сталь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>circulation vacuum degasser</kwd><kwd>ultra-low carbon</kwd><kwd>decarburization</kwd><kwd>{CO} bubbles</kwd><kwd>refractory lining</kwd><kwd>oxygen</kwd><kwd>steel</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">По материалам XVIII Международного Конгресса сталеплавильщиков (г. Санкт-Петербург).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Based on the Materials of the 18th International Congress of Steelmakers (Saint Petersburg).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кнюппель Г. Раскисление и вакуумная обработка стали. Основы и технология ковшовой металлургии / Пер. с нем. Москва: Металлургия; 1984:414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knuppel G. Deoxidation and Vacuum Processing of Steel. Fundamentals and Technology of Ladle Metallurgy. Moscow: Metallurgiya; 1984:414. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кнюппель Г. Раскисление и вакуумная обработка стали. Термодинамические и кинетические закономерности / Пер. с нем. 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