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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2026-2-128-135</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-3038</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оптимизация условий присадки марганец- и кремнийсодержащих ферросплавов при производстве стали</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Optimization of addition conditions for manganese- and silicon-containing ferroalloys in steel production</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3491-6589</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дагман</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dagman</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Игорьевич Дагман, к.т.н., руководитель экспертного направления «Сквозные металлургические процессы производства железа и стали» дирекции по разработке новых технологий процесса</p><p>Россия, 398040, Липецк, пл. Металлургов, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei I. Dagman, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Expert Direction of the Directorate of Development of New Process Technologies</p><p>2 Metallurgov Sqr., Lipetsk 398040, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dagman_ai@nlmk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильичев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Il’ichev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Станиславович Ильичев, начальник отдела, Конвертерный цех № 1</p><p>Россия, 398040, Липецк, пл. Металлургов, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir S. Il’ichev, Head of Department, BOF Shop No. 1</p><p>2 Metallurgov Sqr., Lipetsk 398040, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilyichev_vs@nlmk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюленев</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulenev</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Николаевич Тюленев, начальник отдела Управления сквозной оптимизации технологии и регламентации</p><p>Россия, 398040, Липецк, пл. Металлургов, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii N. Tyulenev, Head of Department, Management of End-to-End Optimization of Technology and Regulation</p><p>2 Metallurgov Sqr., Lipetsk 398040, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tyulenev_en@nlmk.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9831-1993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заякин</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zayakin</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Вадимович Заякин, член-корреспондент РАН, д.т.н., главный научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией стали и ферросплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg V. Zayakin, Corresponding Member of RAS, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Chief Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Steel and Ferroalloys</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zferro@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-7467</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жучков</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuchkov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Иванович Жучков, д.т.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории стали и ферросплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir I. Zhuchkov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Chief Researcher of the Labo­ratory of Steel and Ferroalloys</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ntm2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6411-6932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кель</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kel’</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Николаевич Кель, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории стали и ферросплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Il’ya N. Kel’, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Steel and Ferroalloys</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dunnington@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4850-5273</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ренев</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Renev</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Сергеевич Ренев, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории стали и ферросплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii S. Renev, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Steel and Ferroalloys</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sense199@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ПАО «Новолипецкий металлургический комбинат»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>PJSC “Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>135</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дагман А.И., Ильичев В.С., Тюленев Е.Н., Заякин О.В., Жучков В.И., Кель И.Н., Ренев Д.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дагман А.И., Ильичев В.С., Тюленев Е.Н., Заякин О.В., Жучков В.И., Кель И.Н., Ренев Д.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dagman A.I., Il’ichev V.S., Tyulenev E.N., Zayakin O.V., Zhuchkov V.I., Kel’ I.N., Renev D.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3038">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3038</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторы исследовали процессы плавления ферросплавов марок ФМн78, ФМн88, МнС17, ФС65, ФС75, СК15 и AB87 в железоуглеродистом расплаве при производстве стали марок 08Ю, 3сп, Э3А и S355MC. Исследование проведено с использованием математической модели, разработанной учеными ИМЕТ УрО РАН и УрФУ, учитывающей коэффициенты тепло- и массоотдачи, а также физико-химические и теплофизические характеристики ферросплавов и стали. Показано, что крупность кусков ферросплавов при различных температурах железоуглеродистого расплава оказывает большое влияние на изменение времени их плавления (растворения). При увеличении размера куска возрастает масса ферросплава, что приводит к увеличению толщины намерзаемой стальной корки. С увеличением диаметра куска общее время плавления ферросплава увеличивается. Все изучаемые ферросплавы относятся к группе легкоплавких сплавов. Наибольшим временем плавления из рассмотренных ферросплавов характеризуется ферромарганец марки ФМн78, общее время плавления его куска диаметром 100 мм в стали 08Ю может превышать 160 с при температуре ванны 1650 °С. Снижение размера куска ферросплава до 60 мм приводит к двукратному сокращению времени его плавления. На основании проведенных исследований разработаны рациональные условия, технологические особенности присадки марганец- и кремнийсодержащих ферросплавов при производстве стали марок 08Ю, 3сп, Э3А и S355MC. Результаты исследования имеют важное значение для совершенствования технологий выплавки стали, так как позволяют оптимизировать продолжительность периодов плавки, выдержки, схему присадки ферросплавов и степень раскисления металла.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the results of a study on the melting processes of ferroalloy grades FeMn78, FeMn88, MnS17, FeSi65, FeSi75, SiCa15, and AB87 in an iron-carbon melt during the production of steel grades 08U, 3Sp, E3A, and S355MC. The research was conducted using a mathematical model developed by scientists from the Institute of Metallurgy, UB RAS and the Ural Federal University, which accounts for heat and mass transfer coefficients, as well as the physicochemical and thermophysical characteristics of the ferroalloys and steel. It is shown that the lump size of the ferro­alloys at different temperatures of the iron-carbon melt significantly affects the change in their melting (dissolution) time. An increase in the lump size leads to an increase in the mass of the ferroalloy, which results in a thicker frozen steel shell and higher heat content. With an increase in the lump diameter, the total melting time of the ferroalloy increases. All studied ferroalloys belong to the group of low-melting alloys. Among the considered ferroalloys, high-carbon ferromanganese grade FeMn78 has the longest melting time; the total melting time of its 100 mm diameter lump in 08U steel can exceed 160 s at a bath temperature of 1650 °C. Reducing the ferroalloy lump size to 60 mm leads to a twofold reduction in its melting time. Based on the conducted research, rational conditions and technological features for the addition of manganese- and silicon-containing ferroalloys in the production of 08U, 3SP, E3A, and S355MC steels were developed. The research results are of great importance for improving steel smelting technologies, as they allow for optimizing the duration of melting and holding periods, the ferroalloy addition scheme, and the degree of metal deoxidation.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>металлургия</kwd><kwd>ферросплавы</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>время плавления</kwd><kwd>механизм плавления</kwd><kwd>сталь</kwd><kwd>ферросилиций</kwd><kwd>ферромарганец</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metallurgy</kwd><kwd>ferroalloys</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd><kwd>melting time</kwd><kwd>melting mechanism</kwd><kwd>steel</kwd><kwd>ferrosilicon</kwd><kwd>ferromanganese</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">По материалам XVIII Международного Конгресса сталеплавильщиков (г. Санкт-Петербург).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Based on the Materials of the 18th International Congress of Steelmakers (Saint Petersburg).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лозовая Е.Ю. Изучение кинетики плавления ферросплавов в железоуглеродистом расплаве. Автореф. дис. … канд. техн. наук. Екатеринбург: 2001:23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lozovaya E.Yu. Study of kinetics of ferroalloys melting in an iron-carbon melt: Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. Diss. Yekaterinburg: 2001:23. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никулин А.Ю. Математическое моделирование кинетики растворения реагентов при внепечной обработке черных металлов. Автореф. дис. … док-ра техн. наук. Магнитогорск: 1997:44. 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