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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2026-1-39-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-3015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Хладостойкость новой литейной Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N стали. Часть 3. Стабильность аустенита при охлаждении и деформации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cold resistance of new cast Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N steel. Part 3. Stability of austenite during cooling and deformation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2136-5792</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Владимировна Костина, д.т.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией физикохимии и механики металлических материалов, Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; проф., Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p><p>Россия, 125993, Москва, Волоко­ламское шоссе, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya V. Kostina, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Leading Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Mate­rials, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Prof., Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119334, Russian Federation</p><p>4 Volokolamskoe Route, Moscow 125993, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mvkst@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2684-4095</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудряшов</surname><given-names>А. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryashov</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Эдуардович Кудряшов, младший научный сотрудник, Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; аспирант, Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p><p>Россия, 125993, Москва, Волоко­ламское шоссе, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr E. Kudryashov, Junior Researcher, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Postgraduate, Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119334, Russian Federation</p><p>4 Volokolamskoe Route, Moscow 125993, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al.kudriashov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ригина</surname><given-names>Л. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rigina</surname><given-names>L. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Георгиевна Ригина, к.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; ведущий научный сотрудник, Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения, ОАО НПО «ЦНИИТМАШ»</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p><p>Россия, 115088, Москва, Шарикоподшипниковская ул., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila G. Rigina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Leading Researcher, JSC Russian State Research Center “CNIITMASH”</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119334, Russian Federation</p><p>4 Sharikopodshipnikovskaya Str., Moscow 115088, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LGRigina@cniitmash.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7956-499X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Костина</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kostina</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Сергеевна Костина, к.т.н., научный сот­рудник лаборатории физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina S. Kostina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Researcher of the Laboratory “Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials”</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119334, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vskostina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1163-3888</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пермякова</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Permyakova</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инга Евгеньевна Пермякова, д.ф.-м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории физикохимии и механики металлических материалов</p><p>Россия, 119334, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inga E. Permyakova, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Physicochemistry and Mechanics of Metallic Materials</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119334, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inga_perm@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; Московский авиационный институт (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН; Центральный научно-исследовательский институт технологии машиностроения, ОАО НПО «ЦНИИТМАШ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences; JSC Russian State Research Center “CNIITMASH”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Костина М.В., Кудряшов А.Э., Ригина Л.Г., Костина В.С., Пермякова И.Е., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Костина М.В., Кудряшов А.Э., Ригина Л.Г., Костина В.С., Пермякова И.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kostina M.V., Kudryashov A.E., Rigina L.G., Kostina V.S., Permyakova I.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3015">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3015</self-uri><abstract><p>Данная работа продолжает серию из двух статей, посвящённых изучению хладостойкости новой литейной Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N стали, в том числе – в сопоставлении с хладостойкостью традиционной Cr – Ni литой стали 12Х18Н10Т–ЦЛ (ЦЛ – центробежнолитой), опубликованных ранее в данном журнале. Механические свойства литейных сталей 05Х21АГ15Н8МФЛ и 12Х18Н10Т–ЦЛ были изучены при испытаниях на растяжение при пониженных температурах. В частности, были рассмотрены микроструктуры, инженерные кривые растяжения при различных температурах, проведены измерения микротвердости и фрактографические исследования. Авторы сравнили полученные результаты с расчетными и экспериментальными оценками стабильности аустенита изученных сталей при охлаждении и деформации, с результатами испытаний на ударный изгиб. Используя различные методы, которые дополняют друг друга, было выявлено, что при одновременном воздействии статического и ударного нагружения новая аустенитная литейная сталь, легированная азотом, сохраняет стабильность аустенита, а в стали 12Х18Н10Т–ЦЛ происходит образование мартенсита деформации как при растяжении, так и при ударном изгибе. Оценено влияние образования мартенсита деформации в этой стали на зависимости механических свойств от температуры. Результаты исследований были рассмотрены с учётом имеющихся литературных данных, в том числе о механизмах образования мартенсита деформации в метастабильных аустенитных сталях, о влиянии на количество мартенсита деформации и вид мартенсита в зависимости от снижения температуры испытаний, скорости деформации при растяжении и ударном изгибе, а также о взаимосвязи появления мартенсита деформации и его вида с уровнем энергии дефекта упаковки, влиянием мартенсита деформации на механические свойства при статических и динамических испытаниях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The work continues a series of two articles devoted to the study of cold resistance of new cast Cr – Mn – Ni – Mo – N steel including compa­rison with cold resistance of traditional Cr – Ni cast steel 12Kh18N10Т–CC (CC – centrifugally cast) published earlier in this journal. The mecha­nical properties of cast steels 05Kh21AG15N8MFL and 12Kh18N10Т–CC were studied in tensile tests at low temperatures. In particular, microstructures, engineering tensile curves at different temperatures were considered, microhardness measurements were carried out, and fractographic studies were conducted. The authors compared the results with the calculated and experimental estimates of austenite stability of the studied steels during cooling and deformation, with the results of impact bending tests. Using various methods that complement each other, it was revealed that under simultaneous static and impact loading: new austenitic cast steel alloyed with nitrogen retains austenite stability; in 12Kh18N10Т–CC steel, deformation-induced martensite is formed both under tension and under impact bending. The effect of deformation-induced martensite formation in this steel on the temperature dependence of mechanical properties was estimated. The research results were considered taking into account the available literary data including those on the mechanisms of deformation-induced martensite formation in metastable austenitic steels, the effect on the amount of deformation-induced martensite and the type of martensite depending on a decrease in test temperature, deformation rates under tension and impact bending, the relationship between the appearance of deformation-induced martensite and its type with the stacking fault energy level, the effect of deformation-induced martensite on mechanical properties during static and dynamic tests.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сталь</kwd><kwd>азот</kwd><kwd>деформация</kwd><kwd>аустенит</kwd><kwd>мартенсит</kwd><kwd>охлаждение</kwd><kwd>превращение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>steel</kwd><kwd>nitrogen</kwd><kwd>deformation</kwd><kwd>austenite</kwd><kwd>martensite</kwd><kwd>cooling</kwd><kwd>transformation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания № 075-00320-26-00.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костина М.В., Поломошнов П.Ю., Блинов В.М., Мурадян С.О., Костина В.С. 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