blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2025-6-626-635blackmet-3001Research ArticleИННОВАЦИИ В МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОМ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ И ЛАБОРАТОРНОМ ОБОРУДОВАНИИ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ И МАТЕРИАЛАХINNOVATIONS IN METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIAL AND LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALSАнализ процесса обработки заготовки из мартенситной нержавеющей стали 40X13, полученной методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производстваAnalysis of processing 40Kh13 martensitic stainless steel billet obtained by wire electron beam additive manufacturinghttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-7820-1227ЧжанЦ.ZhangC.

Цинжун Чжан, аспирант кафедры машиностроения

Россия, 634050, Томск, пр. Ленина, 30

Cinzhun Zhang, Postgraduate of the Chair of Mechanical Engineering

30 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation

cinzhun1@tpu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5713КозловВ. Н.KozlovV. N.

Виктор Николаевич Козлов, к.т.н., доцент отделения машиностроения Инженерной школы новых производственных технологий

Россия, 634050, Томск, пр. Ленина, 30

Viktor N. Kozlov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the Engineering School of New Production Technologies

30 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation

kozlov-viktor@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-7945ЧинаховД. А.ChinakhovD. A.

Дмитрий Анатольевич Чинахов, д.т.н., декан факультета летательных аппаратов

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Dmitrii A. Chinakhov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Dean of the Aircraft Faculty

20 Karla Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

chinakhov@corp.nstu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-0170КлименовВ. А.KlimenovV. A.

Василий Александрович Клименов, д.т.н., профессор-консультант отделения материаловедения Инженерной школы новых производственных технологий

Россия, 634050, Томск, пр. Ленина, 30

Vasilii A. Klimenov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof.-Consultant of the Department of Materials Science of the Engineering School of New Production Technologies

30 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation

klimenov@tpu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1324-0161ЧернухинР. В.ChernukhinR. V.

Роман Владимирович Чернухин, к.т.н., доцент кафедры проектирования технологических машин

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Roman V. Chernukhin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Engineering of Technological Machines

20 Karla Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

chernuxin@corp.nstu.ruНациональный исследовательский Томский политехнический университетРоссияNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный технический университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Technical UniversityRussian Federation202508012026686626635Copyright © Чжан Ц., Козлов В.Н., Чинахов Д.А., Клименов В.А., Чернухин Р.В., 20262026Чжан Ц., Козлов В.Н., Чинахов Д.А., Клименов В.А., Чернухин Р.В.Zhang C., Kozlov V.N., Chinakhov D.A., Klimenov V.A., Chernukhin R.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/3001

Авторы исследовали микроструктуру и механические свойства образцов, полученных методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства (WEBAM), и их обрабатываемость по силам фрезерования с использованием метода Тагучи. В образцах в различных направлениях наблюдались зерна предыдущего аустенита и отожженный мартенсит. Зерна предыдущего аустенита растут вдоль направления наплавки и демонстрируют выраженную ориентацию. На боковой поверхности образца зерна предыдущего аустенита являются столбчатыми, их твердость составляет примерно 505 HV0,1 . На верхней поверхности образца зерна предыдущего аустенита являются изометрическими, их твердость составляет примерно 539 HV0,1 . В разных частях образца степень превращения в мартенсит различается. В части, близкой к боковой поверхности, мартенсит более мелкий и предыдущие аустенитные межзеренные границы не наблюдаются. Его твердость составляет примерно 514 HV0,1 . В нижней части образца, вследствие множественных термоциклов, происходит разложение мартенсита, при этом его твердость низкая и составляет примерно 480 HV0,1 . В верхней части образца наблюдаются мартенсит и предыдущие аустенитные межзеренные границы, твердость составляет примерно 513 HV0,1 . Из-за высокой твердости образца при попутном фрезеровании более сильный удар режущей кромки о образец приводит к увеличению силы резания. Вследствие низкой пластичности образца при встречном фрезеровании уменьшение объема материала, вдавливаемого в заднюю поверхность инструмента, приводит к снижению силы резания. При увеличении скорости подачи на зуб деформация материала увеличивается, температура повышается, что приводит к снижению прочности материала и, соответственно, замедляет рост силы резания.

The authors investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of the samples obtained by the method of wire electron beam additive manufacturing (WEBAM), and their machinability by milling forces using the Taguchi method. Grains of previous austenite and annealed martensite were observed in the samples in various directions. The grains of the previous austenite grow along the surfacing direction and exhibit a pronounced orientation. On the lateral surface of the sample, the grains of the previous austenite are columnar, their hardness is approximately 505 HV0.1 . On the upper surface of the sample, the grains of the previous austenite are isometric, their hardness is approximately 539 HV0.1 . The degree of transformation into martensite varies in different parts of the sample. In the part close to the lateral surface, martensite is shallower and the previous austenitic grain boundaries are not observed. Its hardness is approximately 514 HV0.1 . In the lower part of the sample, due to multiple thermal cycles, martensite decomposes, while its hardness is low and is approximately 480 HV0.1 . In the upper part of the sample, martensite and the previous austeni­tic grain boundaries are observed, the hardness is approximately 513 HVelectron beam additive manufacturing, microstructure, hardness, machinability, martensitic stainless steel, Taguchi method. Due to the high hardness of the sample during climb milling, a stronger impact of the cutting edge on the sample leads to an increase in cutting force. Due to the low plasticity of the sample during conventional milling, a decrease in the volume of material pressed into the back surface of the tool leads to a decrease in cutting force. As the feed rate to the tooth increases, deformation of the material increases, the temperature increases, which leads to a decrease in the material strength. Reducing the material strength slows down the growth of cutting force.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.