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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-6-607-612</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2997</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Критерии существования локальных равновесий в переохлажденных расплавах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Criteria for the existence of local equilibria in supercooled melts</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0742-4263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дрозин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Дмитриевич Дрозин, д.т.н., профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник НИЛ «Водородные технологии в металлургии»</p><p>Россия, 454080, Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr D. Drozin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Leading Researcher of the Research Laboratory “Hydrogen Technologies in Metallurgy”</p><p>76 Lenina Ave., Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drozinad@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-0734</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дудоров</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dudorov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Владимирович Дудоров, к.ф.-м.н., старший научный сотрудник НИЛ «Водородные технологии в металлургии»</p><p>Россия, 454080, Челябинск, пр. Ленина, 76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Dudorov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher of the Research Laboratory “Hydrogen Technologies in Metallurgy”</p><p>76 Lenina Ave., Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dudorovmv@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>607</fpage><lpage>612</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дрозин А.Д., Дудоров М.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дрозин А.Д., Дудоров М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drozin A.D., Dudorov M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2997">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2997</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья предназначена для исследователей, работающих в области переохлажденных расплавов. В ней рассматривается важный теоретический вопрос, связанный с возможностью установления локального термодинамического равновесия на границе раздела фаз при кристаллизации из переохлажденных металлических расплавов. Такие процессы играют ключевую роль в формировании структуры материалов при их затвердевании, особенно в условиях быстрого охлаждения, характерных для современных технологий металлургии и порошковой металлургии. При переохлаждении в расплаве начинают формироваться зародыши новой твердой фазы. Для математического описания роста зародыша необходимо задать граничные условия, определяющие состав прилегающей жидкой фазы. В традиционных подходах предполагается, что вблизи зародыша может быть установлено локальное равновесие, параметры которого извле­каются из равновесной диаграммы состояния. Однако, как показали исследования авторов для двухкомпонентных систем, в некоторых случаях локальное равновесие невозможно в принципе. В данной работе проведен теоретический анализ условий равновесия. Для этого рассматривались химические потенциалы компонентов обеих фаз: твердого зародыша и жидкого расплава. По равновесной диаграмме состояния соответствующей макросистемы можно составить представление о химических потенциалах их компонентов, в частности, в какой фазе химический потенциал каждого компонента ниже. Показано, что, когда зародыш новой фазы состоит из одного компонента, такое локальное равновесие, в принципе, всегда возможно. Однако, когда зародыш является раствором, такое возможно лишь при определенных условиях. В этих случаях применение граничных условий первого рода становится некорректным, и необходимо учитывать скорости химических реакций перехода каждого компонента из одной фазы в другую.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper is intended for researchers studying of supercooled metallic melts. It addresses an important theoretical problem: the possibility of establishing local thermodynamic equilibrium at the phase boundary during crystallization from a supercooled melt. Such processes play a crucial role in determining the microstructure of materials during solidification, particularly under rapid cooling conditions characteristic of modern metallurgical and powder technologies. During supercooling, nuclei of a new, solid phase begin to form in the melt. To mathematically describe the growth of such nuclei, it is necessary to specify boundary conditions that define the composition of the adjacent liquid phase. Traditional models assume that local equilibrium can be established near the nucleus and that its parameters can be derived from the equilibrium phase diagram. However, as demonstrated by our study of binary systems, local equilibrium may, in some cases, be fundamentally unattainable. This article presents a theoretical analysis of the conditions under which equilibrium may or may not be established. The analysis considers chemical potentials of the components in both the solid nucleus and the liquid melt. Based on the equilibrium phase diagram of the corresponding macrosystem, one can infer the relative chemical potentials of the components in each phase. It is shown that when the nucleus consists of a single component, local equilibrium is always possible in principle. However, when the nucleus is a solution, equilibrium may only be realized under specific thermodynamic conditions. In such cases, the application of first-kind boundary conditions becomes invalid, and it is necessary to take into account the rates of chemical reactions involved in the interphase transfer of each component.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локальное равновесие</kwd><kwd>переохлажденный расплав</kwd><kwd>кристаллизация</kwd><kwd>сверхбыстрое переохлаждение</kwd><kwd>фазовое равновесие</kwd><kwd>диаграмма состояния</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>local equilibrium</kwd><kwd>supercooled melt</kwd><kwd>crystallization</kwd><kwd>rapid solidification</kwd><kwd>phase equilibrium</kwd><kwd>phase diagram</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tan L., Zabaras N. Modeling the growth and interaction of multiple dendrites in solidification using a level set method. 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