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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-5-526-533</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2972</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние содержания амфотерных оксидов в шлаке на характеристики вентильного эффекта электрической дуги</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of amphoteric oxides content on valve effect characteristics of electric arc</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7840-1088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сивцов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sivtsov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сивцов Андрей Владиславович, д.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории проблем техногенных образований</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Sivtsov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Technogenic Formations Problems</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aws2004@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-826X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шешуков</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheshukov</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Юрьевич Шешуков, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории порошковых, композиционных и нано-материалов, Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН; д.т.н., профессор, директор Института новых материалов и технологий, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg Yu. Sheshukov, Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Powder, Composite and Nano-Materials, Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Director of the Institute of New Materials and Technologies, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.j.sheshukov@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-7191</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егиазарьян</surname><given-names>Д. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egiazaryan</surname><given-names>D. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Денис Константинович Егиазарьян, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией проблем техногенных образований, Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН; доцент кафедры металлургии железа и сплавов, Уральский федеральный университет им. Первого Президента Б.Н. Ельцина</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Denis K. Egiazaryan, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Technogenic Formations Problems, Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Metallurgy of Iron and Alloys, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">avari@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-040X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цымбалист</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsymbalist</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Цымбалист Михаил Михайлович, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории пирометаллургии восстановительных процессов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Екатеринбург, ул. Амундсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail M. Tsymbalist, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Pyrometallurgy of Reduction Processes</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cherknimne@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-306X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>П. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>P. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орлов Павел Петрович, к.т.н., инженер, старший преподаватель кафедры металлургии железа и сплавов института новых материалов и технологий</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel P. Orlov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Engineer, Senior Lecturer of the Chair of Metallurgy of Iron and Alloys of the Institute of New Materials and Technologies</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">p.p.orlov@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии имени академика Н.А. Ватолина Уральского отделения РАН; Уральский Федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vatolin Institute of Metallurgy of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский Федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>526</fpage><lpage>533</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сивцов А.В., Шешуков О.Ю., Егиазарьян Д.К., Цымбалист М.М., Орлов П.П., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сивцов А.В., Шешуков О.Ю., Егиазарьян Д.К., Цымбалист М.М., Орлов П.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sivtsov A.V., Sheshukov O.Y., Egiazaryan D.K., Tsymbalist M.M., Orlov P.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2972">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2972</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены экспериментальные данные по влиянию содержания амфотерных оксидов Al2O3 и Fe2O3 в металлургических шлаках на их свойства. Отмечено, что в роли критерия оценки основности шлака могут выступать параметры вентильного эффекта электрической дуги – постоянная составляющая напряжения дуги или постоянная составляющая тока электрода. Показано, что до содержания в шлаке 18 мас. % оксид алюминия проявляет преимущественно основные свойства, а свыше – кислотные. Для Fe2O3 таким пороговым значением служит содержание 20 мас. %. Полученные данные позволяют более обоснованно проводить корректировку шлакового режима плавок. В частности, для имеющейся на металлургичеких предприятиях тенденции по замене плавикового шпата при внепечной обработке стали на иные разжижители шлака эти данные позволяют определить предел содержания оксида алюминия, при котором не будут ухудшаться условия рафинирования металла от серы. Для дуговых сталеплавильных печей данная методика выступает одним из вариантов неконтактной оперативной оценки состояния ванны металла, качества вспенивания шлака для укрытия дуг и степени окисленности металла в конце плавки и готовности его к выпуску. Применение постоянных составляющих напряжения дуги и тока в электроде для оперативного контроля склонности амфотерных оксидов к основным или кислотным свойствам по ходу плавки в промышленных условиях не представляется возможным из-за большого количества и разнонаправленного влияния составляющих шлак компонентов. Тем не менее данная методика будет полезна при ее использовании в целях управления технологическим процессом выплавки стали в моделях цифровых двойников и сопутствующим им базам данных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the experimental data on the effect of amphoteric oxides content (Al2O3 and Fe2O3 ) in slags on the metallurgical slags properties. It is noted that the parameters of the electric arc valve effect, such as the constant component of the arc voltage or the constant component of the electrode current, can act as a criterion for assessing the slag basicity. Up to a slag content of 18 wt. %, aluminum oxide exhibits mainly basic properties, and above that, acidic properties. For Fe2O3 , the threshold value is the content of 20 wt. %. The data obtained make it possible to more reasonably adjust the smelting slag mode. In particular, for the current trend on metallurgical enterprises to replace fluorspar in the out-of-furnace steel processing with other slag liquefiers, these data allow to determine the limit of aluminum oxide content at which the conditions of metal refining from sulfur will not be degraded. For arc steelmaking furnaces, this technique is one of the options for non-contact operational assessment of the metal bath state, the foaming slag quality to cover the arcs, and the metal oxidation degree at the melting end and its readiness for tapping. The use of constant components of the arc voltage and current in the electrode for operational control of the tendency of amphoteric oxides to basic or acidic properties during melting in industrial conditions is not possible due to a large number and multidirectional influence of the slag components. Nevertheless, this technique will be useful in control of steelmaking technological process with digital twin models and their accompanying databases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сталь</kwd><kwd>шлак</kwd><kwd>окисленность</kwd><kwd>основность</kwd><kwd>амфотерность</kwd><kwd>электрическая дуга</kwd><kwd>постоянная составляющая напряжения</kwd><kwd>дуговая электропечь</kwd><kwd>шлаковый режим</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>steel</kwd><kwd>slag</kwd><kwd>oxidation</kwd><kwd>basicity</kwd><kwd>amphotericity</kwd><kwd>electric arc</kwd><kwd>component of constant voltage</kwd><kwd>electric arc furnace</kwd><kwd>slag mode</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках бюджетного задания Институтa металлургии УРО РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the budget assignment of the Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бигеев А.М., Бигеев В.А. 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