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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-5-461-467</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2960</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование процесса науглероживания окатышей до содержания углерода более 4,5 % при металлизации в шахтных печах</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Carburization of pellets to a carbon content of more than 4.5 % during metallization in shaft furnaces</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сабиров</surname><given-names>Э. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sabirov</surname><given-names>E. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эмиль Рифатович Сабиров, старший инженер, ООО «НПВП ТОРЭКС»; аспирант, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</p><p>Россия, 620902, Екатеринбург, ул. Старожилов, 72</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Emil’ R. Sabirov, Senior Engineer, LLC “NPVP TOREKS”; Postgra­duate, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</p><p>72 Starozhilov Str., Yekaterinburg 620902, Russian Federation</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.sabirov@torex-npvp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поколенко</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokolenko</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Юрьевич Поколенко, руководитель группы перспективных технологий</p><p>Россия, 620902, Екатеринбург, ул. Старожилов, 72</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei Yu. Pokolenko, Head of Advanced Technologies Group</p><p>72 Starozhilov Str., Yekaterinburg 620902, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.pokolenko@torex-npvp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-1984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бижанов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bizhanov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айтбер Махачевич Бижанов, к.т.н., ведущий эксперт кафедры функциональных наносистем и высокотемпературных материалов</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aitber M. Bizhanov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Expert of the Chair of Functional Nanosystems and High-Temperature Materials</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bizhanov@briket-brex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берсенев</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bersenev</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Сергеевич Берсенев, к.т.н., руководитель научно-аналитического отдела, ООО «НПВП ТОРЭКС»; доцент кафедры металлургии железа и сплавов, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</p><p>Россия, 620902, Екатеринбург, ул. Старожилов, 72</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Bersenev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Head of the Scientific and Analytical Department, LLC “NPVP TOREKS”; Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Metallurgy of Iron and Alloys, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</p><p>72 Starozhilov Str., Yekaterinburg 620902, Russian Federation</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.bersenev@torex-npvp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9078-589X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спирин</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spirin</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Александрович Спирин, д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой теплофизики и информатики в металлургии</p><p>Россия, 620002, Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai A. Spirin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Head of the Chair “Thermal Phy­sics and Informatics in Metallurgy”</p><p>19 Mira Str., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.a.spirin@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НПВП ТОРЭКС»; Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “NPVP TOREKS”; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «НПВП ТОРЭКС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>LLC “NPVP TOREKS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>461</fpage><lpage>467</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сабиров Э.Р., Поколенко А.Ю., Бижанов А.М., Берсенев И.С., Спирин Н.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сабиров Э.Р., Поколенко А.Ю., Бижанов А.М., Берсенев И.С., Спирин Н.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sabirov E.R., Pokolenko A.Y., Bizhanov A.M., Bersenev I.S., Spirin N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2960">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2960</self-uri><abstract><p>Горячебрикетированное железо (ГБЖ, HBI) или восстановленные окатыши (DRI) являются одним из наиболее востребованных продуктов металлургической отрасли, поскольку их использование позволяет обеспечить экологичное производство высококачественных сталей. Одним из важных параметров качества такой продукции служит содержание углерода. Цель данной работы состоит в исследовании процесса науглероживания окатышей в условиях шахтной печи металлизации в сопоставлении с науглероживанием окатышей за счет формирования рудо-углеродной шихты. Углерод в окатышах распределен между карбидами железа и отдельной фазой – сажей. Горячебрикетированное железо, полученное по технологии Хил-3, отличается по содержанию углерода от брикетов Мидрекс. Разница в количестве углерода объясняется протеканием процессов науглероживания и пиролиза природного газа в рабочем пространстве шахтной печи, а также отличием в составе газовой фазы и давления в рабочем пространстве в печах Хил и Мидрекс. Как известно, процесс Хил-3 использует паровую конверсию (соотношение H2/CO выше) при более высоком давлении газа под колошником в сравнении с Мидрекс. Более высокое содержание СО в газовой фазе процесса Мидрекс (углекислотная конверсия) приводит к интенсификации процесса на восстановленной до металла поверхности окатыша. Результаты исследования показали, что науглероживание окатышей до содержания углерода более 4,5 % при использовании газовой металлизации в шахтных печах действительно возможно. При этом для процесса Мидрекс (восстановитель преимущественно СО) это возможно за счет обработки окатышей метаном, а для процесса Хил (восстановитель преимущественно H2) для науглероживания необходимо добавлять в шихту твердый углерод (сажа, коксик и т. д.). Указанное открывает потенциальные возможности использования углеродсодержащих брикетов при металлизации. Углерод, несмотря на его нахож­дение в виде отдельной фазы (сажи), не может быть отделен от железосодержащих компонентов окатышей магнитной сепарацией или отмывкой и не представляет опасности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Hot Briquetted Iron (HBI) or Direct Reduced Iron (Pellets) (DRI) is one of the most sought-after products in the steel industry because its use enables the environmentally friendly production of high grade steels. The purpose of this paper is to study the process of pellets carburization under the conditions of a shaft direct reduction (metallization) furnace in comparison with the carburization of pellets due to the preparation of an ore-carbon burden. Hot briquetted iron produced in the HYL-III process is different from Midrex briquettes in terms of carbon content. Difference in the amount of carbon is attributed to the processes of carburization and pyrolysis of natural gas in the shaft furnace workspace, as well as difference in composition of the gas phase and pressure in the workspace of the HYL and Midrex furnaces. As is known, the HYL-III process utilizes vapor conversion (higher H2/CO ratio) at elevated gas pressures beneath the furnace top, in contrast to the Midrex process. An increase in the carbon monoxide (CO) content in the gas phase of the Midrex process (carbon dioxide conversion) results in intensification on the pellet surface that was reduced to metal. The findings of the study demonstrated that carburization of pellets to a greater than 4.5 % carbon content through the process of gas metallization (direct reduction) in shaft furnaces is indeed feasible. The Midrex process, which relies on the reducing agent, mostly carbon monoxide (CO), allows for the treatment of pellets with methane. In contrast, the HYL process, which utilizes hydrogen (H2 ) mostly as the reducing agent, necessitates the addition of solid carbon, such as soot or coke breeze etc., to the burden for carburization. This finding suggests the potential for utilization of carbon-containing briquettes in metallization processes. Carbon, despite its presence in the form of a separate phase (soot), cannot be separated from the iron-containing components of pellets by magnetic separation or washing and does not pose any danger.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ГБЖ</kwd><kwd>восстановленные окатыши</kwd><kwd>Мидрекс</kwd><kwd>Хил</kwd><kwd>шахтная печь</kwd><kwd>углерод</kwd><kwd>СО</kwd><kwd>сажа</kwd><kwd>брикеты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HBI</kwd><kwd>direct reduced pellets</kwd><kwd>Midrex</kwd><kwd>HYL</kwd><kwd>shaft furnace</kwd><kwd>carbon</kwd><kwd>CO</kwd><kwd>soot</kwd><kwd>briquettes</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петров С.П. Черная металлургия азиатской России во втором и третьем десятилетиях XXI века. 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