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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-4-424-433</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2939</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОРЯДКЕ ДИСКУССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>IN ORDER OF DISCUSSION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Электрохимия восстановительных процессов и перспективы развития восстановительных технологий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Electrochemistry of reduction processes and prospects for the development of reduction technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-8821</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощин</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Ефимович Рощин, д.т.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Водородные технологии в металлургии»</p><p>Россия, 454080,  Челябинск,  пр.  Ленина,  76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilii E. Roshchin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Chief Researcher of the Research Laboratory “Hydrogen Technologies in Metallurgy”</p><p>76 Lenina Ave., Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roshchinve@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-4410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антон Васильевич Рощин, д.т.н., доцент, ведущий научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Водородные технологии в металлургии»</p><p>Россия, 454080,  Челябинск,  пр.  Ленина,  76</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anton V. Roshchin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Leading Researcher of the Research Laboratory “Hydrogen Technologies in Metallurgy”</p><p>76 Lenina Ave., Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">roshchinav@susu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>424</fpage><lpage>433</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рощин В.Е., Рощин А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рощин В.Е., Рощин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Roshchin V.E., Roshchin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2939">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2939</self-uri><abstract><p>Окисление и восстановление металлов заключаются в потере атомами металлов валентных электронов с преобразованием электромагнитной металлической связи в ионную при окислении и обратный переход электронов от анионов к катионам металла с пре­вращением ионной связи в металлическую при восстановлении. Развиваемая авторами электронная теория восстановления описывает процесс восстановления последовательной работой двух электрохимических элементов: топливного, в котором химичес­кая энергия окисляемого восстановителя превращается в электрическую энергию «свободных» электронов, и твердоэлектролитного электро­лизера, превращающего электрическую энергию этих электронов в энергию металлической связи восстанавливаемых катионов в оксиде. Так как стадией собственно восстановления является образование металлической связи между катионами за счет поступающих извне электронов, то самым коротким и потому самым эффективным будет подвод электронов к восстанавливаемым катионам не от топливного элемента, а из электрической сети, то есть электролиз оксидов восстанавливаемого металла. Известные способы получения железа электро­лизом расплавленных оксидов, а также, возможно, щелочных растворов являются перспективными при извлечении железа из богатых руд. Для селективного извлечения железа из железомарганцевых, титаномагнетитовых, сидеритовых, хромитовых и других комплексных руд более перспективным является относительно низкотемпературное восстановление железа водородом или твердофазный электролиз с получением после разделения продукта металлизации плавлением безуглеродистого железа и концентрата оксидов активных металлов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Oxidation and reduction of metals consist in the loss of valence electrons by metal atoms with the conversion of an electromagnetic metallic bond into an ionic bond during oxidation and the reverse transition of electrons from anions to metal cations with the conversion of an ionic bond into a metallic bond during reduction. The electronic reduction theory developed by the authors describes the reduction process by the sequential operation of two electrochemical cells: a fuel cell, in which the chemical energy of the oxidized reducing agent is converted into electrical energy of “free” electrons, and a solid electrolyte electrolyzer, which converts the electrical energy of these electrons into energy of the metal bond of the reduced cations in the oxide. Since the stage of the actual reduction is the formation of a metallic bond between cations due to electrons coming from outside, the shortest and therefore most effective supply of electrons to the reduced cations will be not from the fuel cell, but from the electrical network, that is, electrolysis of the oxides of the metal being reduced. Known methods for producing iron by electrolysis of molten oxides, as well as possibly alkaline solutions, are promising for extracting iron from rich ores. For the selective extraction of iron from ferromanganese, titanomagnetite, siderite, chromite and other complex ores, relatively low-temperature reduction of iron with hydrogen or solid-phase electrolysis to produce, after separation, a metallization product by melting carbon-free iron and a concentrate of active metal oxides is more promising.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электрохимия окислительно-восстановительных процессов</kwd><kwd>электронная теория восстановления</kwd><kwd>электрохимический топливный элемент</kwd><kwd>углеродное селективное восстановление</kwd><kwd>водородное восстановление</kwd><kwd>электролиз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electrochemistry of reduction processes</kwd><kwd>electronic theory of reduction</kwd><kwd>electrochemical fuel cell</kwd><kwd>carbon selective reduction</kwd><kwd>hydrogen reduction</kwd><kwd>electrolysis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Любан А.П. 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