<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-4-349-356</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2922</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы создания быстрорежущих высокоэнтропийных сталей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prospects for creation of high-speed high-entropy steels</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Евгеньевич Громов, д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor E. Gromov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Scien­ce named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6592-2276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миненко</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minenko</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Сергеевич Миненко, соискатель степени к.т.н. кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei S. Minenko, Candidates for a degree of Cand. Sci. (Eng.) of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mss121278@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чапайкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chapaikin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Сергеевич Чапайкин, аспирант кафедры естест­венно­научных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr S. Chapaikin, Postgraduate of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">thapajkin.as@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-7420</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семин</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semin</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Петрович Семин, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник управления научных исследований, доцент кафедры инженерных конструкций, строительных технологий и материалов</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr P. Semin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Department of Scientific Research, Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Engineering Structures, Building Technologies and Materials</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">syomin53@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-1427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шлярова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shlyarova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Андреевна Шлярова, научный сотрудник управления научных исследований</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya A. Shlyarova, Research Associate of Department of Scientific Researches</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rubannikova96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>349</fpage><lpage>356</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Громов В.Е., Миненко С.С., Чапайкин А.С., Семин А.П., Шлярова Ю.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громов В.Е., Миненко С.С., Чапайкин А.С., Семин А.П., Шлярова Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromov V.E., Minenko S.S., Chapaikin A.S., Semin A.P., Shlyarova Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2922">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2922</self-uri><abstract><p>Созданный в начале XXI века новый класс материалов – высокоэнтропийные сплавы – привлекает внимание исследователей в области физического материаловедения. На основе анализа литературных данных последних лет рассмотрено современное состояние проблемы создания и исследования средне- и высокоэнтропийных быстрорежущих сталей. Благодаря твердорастворному упрочнению и упрочнению нановыделениями на основе средне- и высокоэнтропийных сплавов сложного состава возможно создание быстрорежущих сталей с высокими твердостью, термической стойкостью и ударной вязкостью. Приведенные результаты исследований трибологических характеристик и микротвердости быстрорежущих сталей свидетельствуют о зависимости этих характеристик от энтропии. Наименьшие значения сил резания и контактных температур характерны для режущего инструмента из быстрорежущей стали с высоким уровнем энтропии. Таким образом, при разработке новых быстрорежущих марок предпочтение следует отдавать составам с высоким уровнем энтропии, поскольку они обеспечивают лучшие трибологические характеристики и более высокую износостойкость. Методами современного физического материаловедения изучено структурно-фазовое состояние наплавки в среде азота высокоэнтропийной быстрорежущей молибденовой стали неэквиатомного состава на среднеуглеродистую сталь. Методами рентгеноспектрального анализа определен элементный состав поверхностного слоя наплавки, а рентгенофазным анализом установлено, что твердые растворы на основе α-железа (88 мас. %) и γ-железа (12 мас. %) являются основными фазами материала наплавленного слоя. Проведенный расчет конфигурационной энтропии данной быстрорежущей высокоэнтропийной стали дает значение 1,93R (где R – универсальная газовая постоянная). Сделан вывод об актуальности и перспективах разработки и исследования высокоэнтропийных сплавов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A new class of materials created at the beginning of the 21st century – high–entropy alloys – attracts the attention of researchers in the field of physical materials science. Based on the analysis of recent literature data, the current state of the problem of creating and researching medium- and high-entropy high-speed steels is considered. Due to solid-solution hardening and nano-precipitation hardening based on medium- and high-entropy alloys of complex composition, it is possible to create high-speed steels with high hardness, thermal resistance and impact strength. The presented results of studies of tribological characteristics and microhardness of high-speed steels indicate the dependence of these characteristics on entropy. The lowest values of cutting forces and contact temperatures are typical for cutting tools made of high-speed steel with a high level of entropy. Thus, when developing new high-speed grades, preference should be given to the compositions with a high level of entropy, since they provide better tribological characteristics and higher wear resistance. The structural and phase state of surfacing of high-entropy high-speed molybdenum steel of non-equiatomic composition on medium-carbon steel in a nitrogen medium was studied by the methods of modern physical materials science. X-ray spectral analysis methods determined the elemental composition of surfacing outer layer, and X-ray phase analysis revealed that solid solutions based on α-iron (88 wt. %) and γ-iron (12 wt. %) are the main phases of the deposited layer material. The calculation of the configuration entropy of this high-speed high-entropy steel gives a value of 1.93R (where R is the universal gas constant). The conclusion is made about the relevance and prospects of the development and research of high-energy alloys.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>высокоэнтропийная быстрорежущая сталь</kwd><kwd>трибологические свойства</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>фазовый состав</kwd><kwd>карбидная фаза</kwd><kwd>механизмы упрочнения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>high-entropy high-speed steel</kwd><kwd>tribological properties</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>phase composition</kwd><kwd>carbide phase</kwd><kwd>hardening mechanisms</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-19-00186, https://rscf.ru/project/23-19-00186.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 23-19-00186, https://rscf.ru/project/23-19-00186.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yeh J.-W., Chen Y.-L., Lin S.-J., Chen S.-K. High-entropy alloys – A new era of exploration. Materials Science Forum. 2007;560:1–9. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.560.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yeh J.-W., Chen Y.-L., Lin S.-J., Chen S.-K. High-entropy alloys – A new era of exploration. Materials Science Forum. 2007;560:1–9. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.560.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чапайкин А.С., Громов В.Е., Чжан П., Иванов Ю.Ф., Крюков Р.Е., Шляров В.В., Семин А.П. Структурно-фазовые состояния и свойства плазменной наплавки быстрорежущей сталью в среде азота. Вестник Сибирс­кого государственного индустриального университета. 2024;(1(47)):35–46. https://doi.org/10.57070/2304-4497-2024-1(47)-35-47</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chapaikin A.S., Gromov V.E., Zhang P., Ivanov Yu.F., Kryukov R.E., Shlyarov V.V., Semin A.P. Structural-phase states and properties of plasma surfacing with high-speed steel in a nitrogen enviroment. Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University. 2024;(1(47)):35–46. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.57070/2304-4497-2024-1(47)-35-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Почетуха В.В., Бащенко Л.П., Гостевская А.Н., Будовс­ких Е.А., Громов В.Е., Чапайкин А.С. Структура и свойст­ва плазменных покрытий из быстрорежущей стали после высокотемпературного отпуска. Вестник Сибирского государственного индустриального университета. 2023;(3(45)):30–38. https://doi.org/10.57070/2304-4497-2023-3(45)-30-38</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pochetukha V.V., Bashchenko L.P., Gostevskaya A.N., Budovskikh E.A., Gromov V.E., Chapaikin A.S. Structure and properties of plasma coatings from high-speed steel after high-temperature tempering. Bulletin of the Siberian State Industrial University. 2023;(3(45)):30–38. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.57070/2304-4497-2023-3(45)-30-38</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu H., Gu C., Zhai K., Wang C. Strengthening and toughening the FeNiCrMn medium entropy alloy by novel ultrafine precipitate networks. Vacuum. 2020;184:109995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109995</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu H., Gu C., Zhai K., Wang C. Strengthening and toughening the FeNiCrMn medium entropy alloy by novel ultrafine precipitate networks. Vacuum. 2020;184:109995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109995</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miracle D.B., Senkov O.N. A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts. Acta Materialia. 2017;122: 448–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.081</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miracle D.B., Senkov O.N. A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts. Acta Materialia. 2017;122: 448–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.081</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang W., Liaw P.K., Zhang Y. Science and technology in high-entropy alloys. Science China Materials. 2018;61(1): 2–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9195-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang W., Liaw P.K., Zhang Y. Science and technology in high-entropy alloys. Science China Materials. 2018;61(1): 2–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-017-9195-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gromov V.Е., Konovalov S.V., Ivanov Yu.F., Osintsev K.A. Structure and Properties of High-Entropy Alloys. Springer, Advanced Structured Materials: 2021;107:110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78364-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromov V.Е., Konovalov S.V., Ivanov Yu.F., Osintsev K.A. Structure and Properties of High-Entropy Alloys. Springer, Advanced Structured Materials: 2021;107:110. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78364-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gromov V.Е., Ivanov Yu.F., Osintsev K.A., Shlyarova Yu.A., Panchenko I.A. High Entropy Alloys: Structure and Properties. Moscow: Ru Science; 2022:204.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromov V.Е., Ivanov Yu.F., Osintsev K.A., Shlyarova Yu.A., Panchenko I.A. High Entropy Alloys: Structure and Properties. Moscow: Ru Science; 2022:204.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогачев А.С. Структура, стабильность и свойства высоко­энтропийных сплавов. Физика металлов и металловедение. 2020;121(8):807–841. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0015323020080094</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogachev A.S. Structure, stability, and properties of high-entropy alloys. Physics of Metals and Metallography. 2020;121: 733–864. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X20080098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murty B.S., Yeh J.-W., Ranganathan S., Bhattacharjee P.P. High-Entropy Alloys. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2019:374.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murty B.S., Yeh J.-W., Ranganathan S., Bhattacharjee P.P. High-Entropy Alloys. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2019:374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Y. High-Entropy Materials: A Brief Introduction. Singapore: Springer Nature; 2019:159. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8526-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Y. High-Entropy Materials: A Brief Introduction. Singapore: Springer Nature; 2019:159. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8526-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ryzhkin A.A., Fominoff E.V., Shuchev C.G. Study on tribological characteristics of high entropy high-speed steels in conditions of dry friction on structural steel. In: Proceedings of the 4th Int. Conf. on Industrial Engineering. 2018:1819–1827. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95630-5_195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ryzhkin A.A., Fominoff E.V., Shuchev C.G. Study on tribological characteristics of high entropy high-speed steels in conditions of dry friction on structural steel. In: Proceedings of the 4th Int. Conf. on Industrial Engineering. 2018:1819–1827. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95630-5_195</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fominov E., Shuchev C., Cherednichenko O., Metelkova N., Filonenko L. Tribological properties of high-entropy high-speed steels under conditions of friction on stainless steel 12H18N9T. In: XI Int. Sci. and Pract. Conf. Innovative Technologies in Environmental Science and Education (ITSE-2023). 2023;431:06013. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343106013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fominov E., Shuchev C., Cherednichenko O., Metelkova N., Filonenko L. Tribological properties of high-entropy high-speed steels under conditions of friction on stainless steel 12H18N9T. In: XI Int. Sci. and Pract. Conf. Innovative Technologies in Environmental Science and Education (ITSE-2023). 2023;431:06013. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343106013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He J.Y., Wang H., Huang H.L, Xu X.D., Chen M.W., Wu Y., Liu X.J., Nieh T.G., An K., Lu Z.P. A precipitation-hardened high-entropy alloy with outstanding tensile properties. Acta Materialia. 2016;102:187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.076</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He J.Y., Wang H., Huang H.L, Xu X.D., Chen M.W., Wu Y., Liu X.J., Nieh T.G., An K., Lu Z.P. A precipitation-hardened high-entropy alloy with outstanding tensile properties. Acta Materialia. 2016;102:187–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2015.08.076</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang T., Zhao Y.L., Tong Y., Jiao Z.B., Wei J., Cai J.X., Han X.D., Chen D., Hu A., Kai J.J., Lu K., Liu Y., Liu C.T. Multi­component intermetallic nanoparticles and superb mechanical behaviors of complex alloys. Science. 2018;362(6427): 933–937. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aas8815</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang T., Zhao Y.L., Tong Y., Jiao Z.B., Wei J., Cai J.X., Han X.D., Chen D., Hu A., Kai J.J., Lu K., Liu Y., Liu C.T. Multi­component intermetallic nanoparticles and superb mechanical behaviors of complex alloys. Science. 2018;362(6427): 933–937. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aas8815</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dou B., Zhang H., Tao Y., Ma Q., Guo S. Effect of Fe on type and distribution of carbides in medium-entropy high-speed steels. Tungsten. 2023;5(1):189–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42864-022-00138-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dou B., Zhang H., Tao Y., Ma Q., Guo S. Effect of Fe on type and distribution of carbides in medium-entropy high-speed steels. Tungsten. 2023;5(1):189–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42864-022-00138-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gludovatz B., Hohenwarter A., Thurston K.V.S., Bei H., Wu Z., George E.P., Ritchie R.O. Exceptional damage-tole­rance of a medium-entropy alloy CrCoNi at cryogenic temperatures. Nature Communications. 2016;7:10602. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10602</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gludovatz B., Hohenwarter A., Thurston K.V.S., Bei H., Wu Z., George E.P., Ritchie R.O. Exceptional damage-tole­rance of a medium-entropy alloy CrCoNi at cryogenic temperatures. Nature Communications. 2016;7:10602. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10602</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang H., Wang J., Yang H., Ji S., Liu Z. Strengthening CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy by tuning lattice defects. Scripta Materialia. 2020;188:216–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.07.027</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang H., Wang J., Yang H., Ji S., Liu Z. Strengthening CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy by tuning lattice defects. Scripta Materialia. 2020;188:216–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2020.07.027</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Pan Y., He Y.Z., Jiao H.S. Microstructure and properties of 6FeNiCoSiCrAlTi high-entropy alloy coa­ting prepared by laser cladding. Applied Surface Science. 2011;257(6):2259–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.084</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H., Pan Y., He Y.Z., Jiao H.S. Microstructure and properties of 6FeNiCoSiCrAlTi high-entropy alloy coa­ting prepared by laser cladding. Applied Surface Science. 2011;257(6):2259–2263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.09.084</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yao M.J., Pradeep K.G., Tasan C.C., Raabe D. A novel, sing­le phase, non-equiatomic FeMnNiCoCr high-entropy alloy with exceptional phase stability and tensile ductility. Scripta Materialia. 2014;72-73:5–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.09.030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yao M.J., Pradeep K.G., Tasan C.C., Raabe D. A novel, sing­le phase, non-equiatomic FeMnNiCoCr high-entropy alloy with exceptional phase stability and tensile ductility. Scripta Materialia. 2014;72-73:5–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.09.030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhuang Y.X., Liu W.J., Chen Z.Y., Xue H.D., He J.C. Efect of elemental interaction on microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoNiCuAl alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2012;556:395–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhuang Y.X., Liu W.J., Chen Z.Y., Xue H.D., He J.C. Efect of elemental interaction on microstructure and mechanical properties of FeCoNiCuAl alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2012;556:395–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aguilar-Hurtado J.Y., Vargas-Uscategui A., Zambrano-Mera D., Palma-Hillerns R. The effect of boron content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe50–XMn30Co10Cr10BX (X = 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 17 wt.%) multi-component alloys prepared by arc-melting. Material Science and Engineering: A. 2019;748:244–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aguilar-Hurtado J.Y., Vargas-Uscategui A., Zambrano-Mera D., Palma-Hillerns R. The effect of boron content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe50–XMn30Co10Cr10BX (X = 0, 0.3, 0.6 and 17 wt.%) multi-component alloys prepared by arc-melting. Material Science and Engineering: A. 2019;748:244–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi M., Ondicho I., Park N., Tsuji N. Strength–ductility balance in an ultrafne-grained non-equiatomic Fe50(CoCrMnNi)50 mediumentropy alloy with a fully recrystallized microstructure. Journal of Alloys Compounds. 2019;780:959–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.265</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi M., Ondicho I., Park N., Tsuji N. Strength–ductility balance in an ultrafne-grained non-equiatomic Fe50(CoCrMnNi)50 mediumentropy alloy with a fully recrystallized microstructure. Journal of Alloys Compounds. 2019;780:959–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.11.265</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li R., Wang Z., Guo Z., Liaw P., Tao Z., Li L., Zhang Y. Graded microstructures of Al-Li-Mg-Zn-Cu entropic alloys under supergravity. Science China Materials. 2019;62(5): 736–744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-018-9365-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li R., Wang Z., Guo Z., Liaw P., Tao Z., Li L., Zhang Y. Graded microstructures of Al-Li-Mg-Zn-Cu entropic alloys under supergravity. Science China Materials. 2019;62(5): 736–744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40843-018-9365-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang H., Dou B., Tang H., He Y., Guo S. Secondary harde­ning in laser rapidly solidified Fe68(MoWCrVCoNiAlCu)32 medium-entropy high-speed steel coatings. Materials and Design. 2018;159:224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang H., Dou B., Tang H., He Y., Guo S. Secondary harde­ning in laser rapidly solidified Fe68(MoWCrVCoNiAlCu)32 medium-entropy high-speed steel coatings. Materials and Design. 2018;159:224–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.08.050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma S., Pan W., Xing J., Guo S., Fu H., Lyu P. Microstructure and hardening behavior of Al-modified Fe–1.5 wt%B–0.4 wt%C highspeed steel during heat treatment. Materials Characterization. 2017;132:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.08.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma S., Pan W., Xing J., Guo S., Fu H., Lyu P. Microstructure and hardening behavior of Al-modified Fe–1.5 wt%B–0.4 wt%C highspeed steel during heat treatment. Materials Characterization. 2017;132:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.08.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moon H.K., Lee K.B., Kwon H. Influences of Co addition and austenitizing temperature on secondary hardening and impact fracture behavior in P/M high speed steels of W–Mo–Cr–V(–Co) system. Material Science and Engineering: A. 2008;474(1-2):328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moon H.K., Lee K.B., Kwon H. Influences of Co addition and austenitizing temperature on secondary hardening and impact fracture behavior in P/M high speed steels of W–Mo–Cr–V(–Co) system. Material Science and Engineering: A. 2008;474(1-2):328–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long B.Z., Zhang Y., Guo C.H., Cui Y., Sun L.X., Chen D., Jiang F.C., Zhao T., Zhao G., Zhang Z.W. Enhanced dynamic mechanical properties and resistance to the formation of adiabatic shear band by Cu-rich nano-precipitates in high-strength steels. International Journal of Plasticity. 2020;138:102924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102924</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long B.Z., Zhang Y., Guo C.H., Cui Y., Sun L.X., Chen D., Jiang F.C., Zhao T., Zhao G., Zhang Z.W. Enhanced dynamic mechanical properties and resistance to the formation of adiabatic shear band by Cu-rich nano-precipitates in high-strength steels. International Journal of Plasticity. 2020;138:102924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102924</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Do H.-S., Choi W.-M., Lee B.-J. A thermodynamic description for the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system. Journal of Materials Science. 2022;57:1373–1389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06604-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Do H.-S., Choi W.-M., Lee B.-J. A thermodynamic description for the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system. Journal of Materials Science. 2022;57:1373–1389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06604-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otto F., Dlouhý A., Pradeep K.G., Kuběnová M., Raabe D., Eggeler G., George E.P. Decomposition of the single-phase high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi after prolonged anneals at intermediate temperatures. Acta Materialia. 2016;112:40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otto F., Dlouhý A., Pradeep K.G., Kuběnová M., Raabe D., Eggeler G., George E.P. Decomposition of the single-phase high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi after prolonged anneals at intermediate temperatures. Acta Materialia. 2016;112:40–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.04.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stepanov N.D., Shaysultanov D.G., Ozerov M.S., Zhereb­tsov S.V., Salishchev G.A. Second phase formation in the CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy after recrystallization annealing. Materials Letters. 2016;185:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.08.088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanov N.D., Shaysultanov D.G., Ozerov M.S., Zhereb­tsov S.V., Salishchev G.A. Second phase formation in the CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy after recrystallization annealing. Materials Letters. 2016;185:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2016.08.088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shafiei A. Design of eutectic high entropy alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2022;53:4329–4361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06831-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shafiei A. Design of eutectic high entropy alloys. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2022;53:4329–4361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-022-06831-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beskopylny A.N., Fominov E.V., Shuchev C.G., Egorov M.S. The influence of thermodynamical characteristics of high speed steels on temperature and forces values when turning construction steel. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020;996:012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/996/1/012003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beskopylny A.N., Fominov E.V., Shuchev C.G., Egorov M.S. The influence of thermodynamical characteristics of high speed steels on temperature and forces values when turning construction steel. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020;996:012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/996/1/012003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauzoor A., Pandey S., Chokraborty D., Phillpot S.R., Aidhy D.S. Entropy contributions to phase stability in binary random solid solutions. Computational Materials. 2018;4(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-018-0102-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauzoor A., Pandey S., Chokraborty D., Phillpot S.R., Aidhy D.S. Entropy contributions to phase stability in binary random solid solutions. Computational Materials. 2018;4(1):47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41524-018-0102-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громов В.Е., Чапайкин А.С., Невский С.А. Структура, свойства и модели быстрорежущей стали после отпуска и электронно-пучковой обработки. Новокузнецк: Полиграфист; 2024:171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromov V.E., Chapaikin A.S., Nevskii S.A. Structure, Properties and Models of High-Speed Steel after Tempering and Electron Beam Treatment. Novokuznetsk: Polygraphist; 2024:171. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov Yu.F., Gromov V.E., Potekaev A.I., Guseva T.P., Chapaikin A.S., Vashchuk E.S., Romanov D.A. Structure and properties of R18U surfacing of high-speed steel after its high tempering. Russian Physics Journal. 2023:66(7): 731–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-023-02999-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov Yu.F., Gromov V.E., Potekaev A.I., Guseva T.P., Chapaikin A.S., Vashchuk E.S., Romanov D.A. Structure and properties of R18U surfacing of high-speed steel after its high tempering. Russian Physics Journal. 2023:66(7): 731–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-023-02999-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курдюмов В.Г., Утевский Л.М., Энтин Р.И. Превращения в железе и стали. Москва: Наука; 1977:238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurdyumov V.G., Utevskii L.M., Entin R.I. Transformations in Iron and Steel. Moscow: Nauka; 1977:238. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осинцев К.А., Панченко И.А., Коновалов С.В. Прогнозирование фазового состава высокоэнтропийного сплава CoCr-Zr-Mn-Ni с помощью расчета феноменологических критериев. Фундаментальные проблемы современного материаловедения. 2021;18(4):441–449. https://doi.org/10.25712/ASTU.1811-1416.2021.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osintsev K.A., Panchenko I.A., Konovalov S.V. Prediction of the phase composition of Co-Cr-Zr-Mn-Ni high-entropy alloy by calculating phenomenological criteria. Fundamental’nye problemy sovremennogo materialovedeniya. 2021;18(4):441–449. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.25712/ASTU.1811-1416.2021.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
