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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-3-218-227</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2904</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование и разработка технологических режимов производства мелющих шаров повышенной твердости и ударной стойкости</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling and development of technological modes for production of grinding balls of increased hardness and impact resistance</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Байдин</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baidin</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вадим Викторович Байдин, соискатель степени к.т.н. кафедры металлургии черных металлов и химической технологии</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Baidin, Candidates for a degree of Сand. Sci. (Eng.) of the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy and Chemical Technology</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">5745426@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уманский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umanskii</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Уманский, д.т.н., профессор кафедры металлургии черных металлов и химической технологии</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Umanskii, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof. of the Chair of Ferrous Metal­lurgy and Chemical Technology</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">umanskii@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>218</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Байдин В.В., Уманский А.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Байдин В.В., Уманский А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baidin V.V., Umanskii A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2904">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2904</self-uri><abstract><p>С целью обоснования возможности производства мелющих шаров 5-ой группы твердости и стабилизации производства шаров 4-ой группы твердости в условиях действующего шаропрокатного стана проведена серия теоретических и экспериментальных исследований. На основании результатов компьютерного моделирования процесса производства мелющих шаров диаметром 60 мм определены закономерности формирования напряженного состояния металла в процессе поперечно-винтовой прокатки шаров из стандартной стали Ш2.3 и экспериментальной экономнолегированной стали Ш76ХФ. Снижение температуры выдачи заготовок из нагревательной печи в рамках допустимого интервала ее изменения согласно действующей технологии (880 – 1000 °С) приводит к значительному увеличению интенсивности напряжений по всей поверхности шаров при их прокатке, что повышает нагрузки на оборудование прокатной клети и увеличивает износ калибров валков. Дополнительно проведенное моделирование показывает, что после окончания прокатки имеет место значительная (до 80 °С) неравномерность температур по поверхности шаров, которая, однако, практически полностью устраняется после подстуживания шаров на конвейере перед закалкой. В случае прокатки шаров из заготовок с температурой их выдачи из нагревательной печи менее 980 °С температура поверхности шаров перед закалкой является пониженной относительно рекомендуемого интервала, обеспечивающего получение продукции с заданными свойствами, что подтверждено металлографическими и дюрометричес­кими исследованиями. На основании результатов проведенных исследований разработан новый режим производства мелющих шаров с повышенной до 980 – 1030 °С температурой выдачи заготовок из нагревательной печи. Опытно-промышленное опробование нового режима прокатки показало, что его применение гарантированно обеспечивает получение мелющих шаров 4-ой группы твердости по ГОСТ 7524 – 2015 при их производстве из стандартной стали Ш2.3 и получение шаров 5-ой группы твердости при использовании разработанной экономнолегированной стали марки Ш76ХФ. При этом шары из стали обеих рассматриваемых марок обладают повышенной ударной стойкостью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In order to substantiate the possibility of producing grinding balls of the 5th hardness group and to stabilize the production of balls of the 4th hardness group in an operating ball rolling mill, a series of theoretical and experimental studies were conducted. Based on the results of computer modeling of the production process of grinding balls with a diameter of 60 mm, the authors determined the patterns of formation of the metal stress state during cross-screw rolling of balls made of standard steel Sh2.3 and experimental economically alloyed steel Sh76KhF. A decrease in the temperature of billet discharge from the heating furnace within the permissible range of its change according to current technology (880 – 1000 °C) leads to a significant increase in stress intensity over the entire surface of the balls during rolling, which increases the load on the equipment of the rolling stand and wear of the roller calibers. Additionally, the simulation shows that after the end of rolling, there is a significant (up to 80 °C) temperature unevenness on the balls surface, which, however, is almost completely eliminated after the balls are cooled on the conveyor before quenching. In the case of rolling balls from the billets with a discharge temperature from a heating furnace of less than 980 °C, the balls surface temperature before quenching is lower relative to the recommended range, ensuring the production of products with specified properties, which is confirmed by metallographic and durometric studies. Based on the results of the conducted research, a new mode of grinding balls production was developed with the temperature of billet discharge from the heating furnace increased to 980 – 1030 °C. Pilot testing of the new rolling mode showed that its use guarantees producing grinding balls of the 4th hardness group according to GOST 7524 – 2015 in their production from standard steel Sh2.3 and producing balls of the 5th hardness group using the developed economically alloyed steel grade Sh76KhF. At the same time, balls made of both steel grades under consideration have increased impact resistance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мелющие шары</kwd><kwd>поперечно-винтовая прокатка</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>твердость</kwd><kwd>ударная стойкость</kwd><kwd>химический состав стали</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grinding balls</kwd><kwd>cross-screw rolling</kwd><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>hardness</kwd><kwd>impact resistance</kwd><kwd>chemical composition of steel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сталинский Д.В., Рудюк А.С., Соленый В.К. Освоение производства и оценка эффективности использования высококачественных мелющих шаров Сообщение 1. Освоение производства шаров из хромомолибденовой стали. 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