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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-2-148-157</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2859</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>К вопросу о влиянии добавок оксидов редкоземельных элементов на кинетику образования борированных слоев и диффузию бора по границам зерен при борировании сталей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>On the influence of rare-earth oxide additives on kinetics of borated layer formation and boron diffusion along grain boundaries during steel boriding</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8541-5147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ишмаметов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishmametov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Амирович Ишмаметов, аспирант кафедры «Мате­риа­ловедение», Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана; начальник лаборатории, Государст­венный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт редкометаллической промышленности (АО «Гиредмет»)</p><p>Россия, 105005, Москва, ул. 2-я Бауманс­кая, 5/1</p><p>Россия, 111141, Москва, Электродная ул., 2, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Ishmametov, Postgraduate of the Chair “Materials Scien­ce”, Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Head of the Laboratory, Federal State Research and Design Institute of Rare Metal Industry</p><p>5/1 Baumanskaya 2-ya Str., Moscow 105005, Russian Federation</p><p>2, bld. 1 Ehlektrodnaya Str., Moscow 111141, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ishmametv@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Помельникова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pomel’nikova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алла Сергеевна Помельникова, д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Материаловедение»</p><p>Россия, 105005, Москва, ул. 2-я Бауманс­кая, 5/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alla S. Pomel’nikova, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof. of the Chair “Materials Science”</p><p>5/1 Baumanskaya 2-ya Str., Moscow 105005, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pomelnikovalla@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петелин</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petelin</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Львович Петелин, д.ф-м.н., профессор, Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана; профессор кафедры физической химии, Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</p><p>Россия, 105005, Москва, ул. 2-я Бауманс­кая, 5/1</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr L. Petelin, Dr. Sci. (Phys.–Math.), Prof., Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Prof. of the Chair of Physical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</p><p>5/1 Baumanskaya 2-ya Str., Moscow 105005, Russian Federation</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander-petelin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана; Государственный научно-исследовательский и проектный институт редкометаллической промышленности (АО «Гиред­мет»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Federal State Research and Design Institute of Rare Metal Industry</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана; Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bauman Moscow State Technical University; National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>157</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ишмаметов Д.А., Помельникова А.С., Петелин А.Л., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ишмаметов Д.А., Помельникова А.С., Петелин А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ishmametov D.A., Pomel’nikova A.S., Petelin A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2859">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2859</self-uri><abstract><p>Проведены металлографические исследования, показывающие, что применение добавок оксидов редкоземельных элементов (РЗЭ) при жидкостном безэлектролизном борировании приводит к увеличению глубины борированных слоев, причем данные добавки не взаимодействуют с материалом обрабатываемого изделия. Добавка оксидов лантана и иттрия увеличивает глубину борированного слоя на 30 – 40 %, добавка оксида скандия не влияет или приводит к снижению глубины борированного слоя. В данной работе проведен рентгенофазовый анализ сплавов для борирования с добавками оксидов РЗЭ. Показано, что при добавке оксида РЗЭ в расплаве образуется легкоплавкий борат РЗЭ (LaBO3 , YBO3 , ScBO3 ), который способствует зернограничной диффузии, что приводит к значительной интенсификации процессов борирования. Получены оценочные значения коэффициентов объемной и зернограничной диффузии. Добавка оксида иттрия увеличивает коэффициент объемной диффузии в стали ВКС-5 на 280 %. В стали Х12МФ добавка оксида лантана привела к увеличению коэффициента объемной диффузии на 83 %. На стали 40Х во всех исследуемых случаях увеличение коэффициента объемной диффузии не зафиксировано. Коэффициент зернограничной диффузии увеличился в сталях ВКС-5 и Х12МФ на 1000 % при добавке оксида лантана. Добавка оксида иттрия привела к увеличению коэффициенту зернограничной диффузии на 1000 % в стали ВКС-5, на 135 % в стали Х12МФ и на 87 % в стали 40Х. Добавка оксида скандия позволила увеличить коэффициент зернограничной диффузии на 160 % в стали ВКС-5. Значения коэффициентов диффузии по границам зерен, полученные путем модельных расчетов, хорошо согласуются с экспериментальными данными.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Metallographic studies showed that the use of rare-earth oxide (REO) additives during liquid electrolysis-free boriding increases the borated layers depth, with these additives not interacting with the treated product material. Addition of lanthanum and yttrium oxides increases the borated layer depth by 30 – 40 %, while addition of scandium oxide either has no effect or decreases the layer depth. X-ray phase analysis of boriding alloys with REO additives was conducted in this study. It was shown that REO additions to the melt result in formation of low-melting rare-earth borates (LaBO3 , YBO3 , ScBO3 ), which enhance grain boundary diffusion and significantly intensify the boriding process. Estimated values of bulk and grain boundary diffusion coefficients were obtained. The addition of yttrium oxide increased the bulk diffusion coefficient in VKS-5 steel by 280 %. In Kh12MF steel, addition of lanthanum oxide resulted in an 83 % increase in the bulk diffusion coefficient. For 40Kh steel, no increase in the bulk diffusion coefficient was recorded in any of the investigated cases. The grain boundary diffusion coefficient increased in VKS-5 and Kh12MF steels by 1000 % with addition of lanthanum oxide. Addition of yttrium oxide increased the grain boundary diffusion coefficient by 1000 % in VKS-5 steel, by 135 % in Kh12MF steel, and by 87 % in 40Kh steel. Addition of scandium oxide increased the grain boundary diffusion coefficient by 160 % in VKS-5 steel. The diffusion coefficient values at grain boundaries obtained through modeling calculations agree well with the experimental data.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>борирование</kwd><kwd>борированные слои</kwd><kwd>редкоземельный элемент</kwd><kwd>оксид лантана</kwd><kwd>оксид иттрия</kwd><kwd>оксид скандия</kwd><kwd>жидкостное борирование</kwd><kwd>модифицирование</kwd><kwd>морфология борированных слоев</kwd><kwd>диффузия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>boriding</kwd><kwd>borated layers</kwd><kwd>rare-earth element</kwd><kwd>lanthanum oxide</kwd><kwd>yttrium oxide</kwd><kwd>scandium oxide</kwd><kwd>liquid borating</kwd><kwd>modification</kwd><kwd>morphology of borated layers</kwd><kwd>diffusion</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пат. 1617046 SU. 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