blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2025-2-131-138blackmet-2857Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯ И РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕECOLOGY AND RATIONAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCESСовременное состояние проблемы утилизации отходов производстваActual progress of production waste disposal problemshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-1318УльеваГ. А.UlyevaG. A.

Гульнара Анатольевна Ульева, ведущий специалист лаборатории металловедения и дефектоскопии Центра аналитического контроля, АО «Qarmet»; к.т.н, доцент кафедры «Металлургия и материаловедение», Карагандинский государственный индуст­риальный университет

Республика Казахстан, 101400, Карагандинская обл., Темиртау, пр. Республики, 1

Республика Казахстан, 101400, Карагандинская обл., Темиртау, пр. Республики, 30

Gulnara A. Ulyeva, Leading Specialist of the Laboratory of Metallo­graphy and Defectoscopy of the Analytical Control Center, JSC “Qarmet”; Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Metallurgy and Mate­rials Science, Karaganda State Industrial University

1 Respubliki Ave., Timertau, Karaganda Region 101400, Republic of Kazakhstan

30 Respubliki Ave., Timertau, Karaganda Region 101400, Republic of Kazakhstan

g.ulyeva@tttu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4272-2637ТуысханК.TuyskhanK.

Курметбек Туысхан, магистр, докторант

Республика Казахстан, 101400, Карагандинская обл., Темиртау, пр. Республики, 30

Kurmetbek Tuyskhan, Master Student, Doctoral

30 Respubliki Ave., Timertau, Karaganda Region 101400, Republic of Kazakhstan

k.tuyskhan@tttu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-2550-4822МацугинаЕ. М.MatsuginaE. M.

Екатерина Михайловна Мацугина, магистрант

Республика Казахстан, 101400, Карагандинская обл., Темиртау, пр. Республики, 30

Ekaterina M. Matsugina, MA Student

30 Respubliki Ave., Timertau, Karaganda Region 101400, Republic of Kazakhstan

y.matsugina@tttu.edu.kzhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2190-5672ВолокитинаИ. Е.VolokitinaI. E.

Ирина Евгеньевна Волокитина, к.т.н., профессор кафедры «Металлургия и материаловедение»

Республика Казахстан, 101400, Карагандинская обл., Темиртау, пр. Республики, 30

Irina E. Volokitina, PhD, Prof. of the Chair of Metallurgy and Materials Science

30 Respubliki Ave., Timertau, Karaganda Region 101400, Republic of Kazakhstan

irinka.vav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8244-5027АхметоваГ. Е.AkhmetovaG. E.

Гульжайнат Есенжоловна Ахметова, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Металлургия и материаловедение»

Республика Казахстан, 101400, Карагандинская обл., Темиртау, пр. Республики, 30

Gulzhainat E. Akhmetova, PhD, Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Metallurgy and Materials Science

30 Respubliki Ave., Timertau, Karaganda Region 101400, Republic of Kazakhstan

g.akhmetova@tttu.edu.kzАО «Qarmet»; Карагандинский государственный индустриальный университетКазахстанJSC “Qarmet”; Karaganda State Industrial UniversityKazakhstanКарагандинский государственный индустриальный университетКазахстанKaraganda State Industrial UniversityKazakhstan202521042025682131138Copyright © Ульева Г.А., Туысхан К., Мацугина Е.М., Волокитина И.Е., Ахметова Г.Е., 20252025Ульева Г.А., Туысхан К., Мацугина Е.М., Волокитина И.Е., Ахметова Г.Е.Ulyeva G.A., Tuyskhan K., Matsugina E.M., Volokitina I.E., Akhmetova G.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2857

Для многих стран проблема утилизации отходов производства и быта стоит особенно остро, поскольку ежегодное накопление всех видов отходов достаточно велико (около 7 млрд т), а их повторное использование не превышает 30 %. При этом отходы производства отрицательно влияют на живые организмы и окружающую среду, поэтому необходимо расширение их переработки. В данной работе рассмотрены проблемы утилизации, переработки (рециклинга) промышленных и бытовых отходов и перспективы их применения в различных отраслях. Рассмотрено влияние различных рецептур исходных компонентов (микросилики, доменного шлака, гашеной извести) и их фракций на физико-механические свойства полученных новых композиционных материалов. Проведены исследования полученных материалов с целью определения значений предела прочности на сжатие и процент водопоглощения. Так, все образцы имеют низкий процент водопоглощения (0 – 13,12 %), кроме образца 7 (41,34 %), состоящего из двух частей микросилики, одной части шлака и одной части извести. Выявлено, что в образцах, в состав которых входит микросилика, наблюдаются высокие значения предела прочности на сжатие. Образцы 3 и 4, состоящие из микросилики и шлака, обладают самым низким пределом прочности – 14,74 и 17,18 кгс/см2 соответственно. Однако образец 8, в состав которого одновременно входят две части микросилики, шлак и известь, характеризуется самым высоким значением предела прочности на сжатие – 51,16 кгс/см2. Таким образом, микросилика оказывает большее влияние на увеличение прочностных свойств. При этом применение отходов производства при создании новых вторичных материалов приводит к снижению себестоимости продукции, расширению сырьевой базы страны, а также снижению экологической нагрузки региона.

For many countries the problem of industrial and household waste disposal is particularly acute, since the annual accumulation of all types of waste is quite large (about 7 billion tons), and their reuse does not exceed 30 %. At the same time, industrial waste has a negative impact on living organisms and the environment. Therefore, ways of recycling household and production wastes are necessary. This article considers the problems of utilization, processing (recycling) of industrial and household waste and the prospects of their application in various industries. The influence of different formulations of initial components (microsilica, blast furnace slag, slaked lime), their fractions on physical and mechanical properties of the obtained new composite materials is considered. The obtained materials were investigated in order to determine the values of compressive strength and percentage of water absorption. Thus, all samples have low water absorption percentage (0 – 13.12 %), except for Sample 7 (41.34 %), consisting of 2 parts of microsilica, 1 part of slag and 1 part of lime. It was found that high values of compressive strength are observed in the samples which include microsilica. Samples 3 and 4, composed of microsilica and slag jointly, have the lowest compressive strength of 14.74 and 17.18 kgf/cm2, respectively. However, Sample 8, which is composed of 2 parts of microsilica, slag and lime simultaneously, is characterized by the highest compressive strength value of 51.16 kgf/cm2. Microsilica has a greater influence on the increase of strength properties. At the same time, the use of industrial waste in the creation of new secondary materials leads to a reduction in the cost of production, expansion of the raw material base of the country, as well as reducing the environmental load of the region.

отходы производствапромышленные отходыбытовые отходыотходы кремниевого производствамикросиликакирпичный ломзоладоменный шлакзащита окружающей средыReferencesVolokitin A.V., Volokitina I.E., Latypova M.A., Chigi­rinsky V.V., Kolesnikov A.S. Effect of controlled rolling on the structural and phase transformation. Progress in Physics of Metals. 2023;24(1):132–156. https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.24.01.132Volokitin A.V., Volokitina I.E., Latypova M.A., Chigi­rinsky V.V., Kolesnikov A.S. Effect of controlled rolling on the structural and phase transformation. Progress in Physics of Metals. 2023;24(1):132–156. https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.24.01.132Volokitina I., Volokitin A., Denissova A., Fedorova T., Lawrinuk D., Kolesnikov A., Yerzhanov A., Kuatbay Y., Liseitsev Yu. Effect of thermo­mechanical processing of building stainless wire to increase its durability. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023;19:e02346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02346Volokitina I., Volokitin A., Denissova A., Fedorova T., Lawrinuk D., Kolesnikov A., Yerzhanov A., Kuatbay Y., Liseitsev Yu. Effect of thermo­mechanical processing of building stainless wire to increase its durability. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023;19:e02346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02346Volokitina I., Bychkov A., Volokitin A., Kolesnikov A. Natural aging of aluminum alloy 2024 after severe plastic deformation. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis. 2023;12(3):564–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-023-00966-yVolokitina I., Bychkov A., Volokitin A., Kolesnikov A. Natural aging of aluminum alloy 2024 after severe plastic deformation. Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis. 2023;12(3):564–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-023-00966-yVolokitina I., Sapargaliyeva B., Agabekova A., Ulyeva G., Yerzhanov A., Kozlov P. Study of changes in microstructure and metal interface Cu/Al during bimetallic construction wire straining. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023;18:e02162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02162Volokitina I., Sapargaliyeva B., Agabekova A., Ulyeva G., Yerzhanov A., Kozlov P. Study of changes in microstructure and metal interface Cu/Al during bimetallic construction wire straining. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2023;18:e02162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02162Гельманова З.С., Базаров Б.А., Мезенцева А.В., Конакбаева А.Н., Толешов А.К. Управление производственной безопасностью на горнодобывающих предприятиях Казахстана. Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. 2021;(2-1):184–198. https://doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2021-21-0-184-198Gelmanova Z.S., Bazarov B.A., Mezentseva A.V., Konakbaeva A.N., Toleshov A.K. Industrial safety management at mining enterprises in Kazakhstan. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2021;(2-1):184–198. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.25018/0236-1493-2021-21-0-184-198Zhangabay N., Baidilla I., Tagybayev A., Suleimenov U., Kurganbekov Zh., Kambarov M., Kolesnikov A., Ibraim­baye­va G., Abshenov Kh., Volokitina I., Nsanbayev B., Anarbayev Y., Kozlov P. Thermophysical indicators of ela­borated sandwich cladding constructions with heat-reflective coverings and air gaps. Case Studies in Construction Mate­rials. 2023; 18:e02161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02161Zhangabay N., Baidilla I., Tagybayev A., Suleimenov U., Kurganbekov Zh., Kambarov M.,  Kolesnikov A.,  Ibraim­baye­va G.,  Abshenov Kh., Volokitina  I.,  Nsanbayev B., Anarbayev Y., Kozlov P.  Thermophysical indicators of ela­borated sandwich cladding constructions with heat-reflective coverings and air gaps. Case Studies in Construction Mate­rials. 2023; 18:e02161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02161Волокитина И.Е., Волокитин А.В. Изменение микроструктуры и механических свойств сталемедной проволоки в процессе деформирования. Металлург. 2023;(2): 93–99. https://doi.org/10.52351/00260827_2023_02_93Volokitinа I.E., Volokitin A.V. Changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of steel-copper wire during deformation. Metallurgist. 2023;67:232–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-023-01510-7Nurumgaliyev A., Zhuniskaliyev T., Shevko V., Mukhambetgaliyev Y., Yerekeyeva G., Kelamanov B., Kuatbay Y., Badikova A. Modeling and development of technology for smelting a complex alloy (ligature) Fe-Si-Mn-Al from manganese-containing briquettes and high-ash coals. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):7456. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57529-6Nurumgaliyev A., Zhuniskaliyev T., Shevko V., Mukhambetgaliyev Y., Yerekeyeva G., Kelamanov B., Kuatbay Y., Badikova A. Modeling and development of technology for smelting a complex alloy (ligature) Fe-Si-Mn-Al from manganese-containing briquettes and high-ash coals. Scientific Reports. 2024;14(1):7456. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-57529-6Ruberti M. The chip manufacturing industry: Environmental impacts and eco-efficiency analysis. Science of the Total Environment. 2023;858(2):159873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159873Ruberti M. The chip manufacturing industry: Environmental impacts and eco-efficiency analysis. Science of the Total Environment. 2023;858(2):159873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159873Ma M., Wang T., Ke X., Liu Y., Song Y., Shang X., Li J., Han Q. A novel slag composite for the adsorption of heavy metals: Preparation, characterization and mechanisms. Environmental Research. 2023;216(2):114442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114442Ma M., Wang T., Ke X., Liu Y., Song Y., Shang X., Li J., Han Q. A novel slag composite for the adsorption of heavy metals: Preparation, characterization and mechanisms. Environmental Research. 2023;216(2):114442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114442Ulyeva G.A., Akhmetova G.Е., Tuyskhan K., Tulegenov A.V. State-of-the-Art and analysis of characteristics, properties, significance and application prospects of metallurgical slags. Progress in Physics of Metals. 2022;23:108–130. https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.23.01.108Ulyeva G.A., Akhmetova G.Е., Tuyskhan K., Tulegenov A.V. State-of-the-Art and analysis of characteristics, properties, significance and application prospects of metallurgical slags. Progress in Physics of Metals. 2022;23:108–130. https://doi.org/10.15407/ufm.23.01.108Chang Z., Long G., Zhou J., Cong M. Valorization of se­wage sludge in the fabrication of construction and building materials: А review. Resources Conservation and Recycling. 2020;154:104606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104606Chang Z., Long G., Zhou J., Cong M. Valorization of se­wage sludge in the fabrication of construction and building materials: А review. Resources Conservation and Recycling. 2020;154:104606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104606Raheem A., Sikarwar V., He J., Dastyar W., Dionysiou D.D., Wang W., Zhao M. Opportunities and challenges in sustai­nable treatment and resource reuse of sewage sludge: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2018;337:616–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.149Raheem A., Sikarwar V., He J., Dastyar W., Dionysiou D.D., Wang W., Zhao M. Opportunities and challenges in sustai­nable treatment and resource reuse of sewage sludge: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2018;337:616–641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.12.149Ulyeva G.A., Akhmetova G.Е., Tuyskhan K., Reshotrina E.N. Development of new composite materials based on “Metal-Non-metal” with improved functional properties. Metallophysics and Advanced Technologies. 2022;44:1137–1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.44.09.1137Ulyeva G.A., Akhmetova G.Е., Tuyskhan K., Reshotrina E.N. Development of new composite materials based on “Metal-Non-metal” with improved functional properties. Metallophysics and Advanced Technologies. 2022;44:1137–1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mfint.44.09.1137Nowaka O., Enderle P., Varbanov P. Ways to optimize the energy balance of municipal wastewater systems: Lessons learned from Austrian applications. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015;88:125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.068Nowaka O., Enderle P., Varbanov P. Ways to optimize the energy balance of municipal wastewater systems: Lessons learned from Austrian applications. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015;88:125–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.068Пат. 2180013 С1 RU. Способ переплава пылевидных отходов кремния в среде твердожидкого алюминия / Гаврилин И.В., Кечин В.А., Колтышев В.И.; заявл. 17.07.2000; опубл. 27.02.2002.Gavrilin I.V., Kechin V.A., Koltyshev V.I. Method of remelting of dusty silicon waste in the medium of solid liquid aluminum. Patent RU 2180013 C1. Publ. 27.02.2002.Пат. 2016110 С1 RU. Способ переработки отходов кремния / Лисай В.Э., Маленьких А.Н., Зверев Ю.А., Тепляков Ф.К., Горбунов В.А., Данилов С.Н.; заявл. 29.12.1991; опубл. 15.07.1994.Lisai V.E., Malen’kikh A.N., Zverev Yu.A., Teplyakov F.K., Gorbunov V.A., Danilov S.N. Method of silicon waste processing. Patent RU 2016110 C1. Publ. 15.07.1994.Wang S., Zhou P., Liu X., Zhang S., Jia Q. Effect of modified coal tar pitch addition on the microstructure and properties of Al2O3–SiC–C castables for solid waste incinerators. Cera­mics International. 2022;48(14):20778–20790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.04.060Wang S., Zhou P., Liu X., Zhang S., Jia Q. Effect of modified coal tar pitch addition on the microstructure and properties of Al2O3–SiC–C castables for solid waste incinerators. Cera­mics International. 2022;48(14):20778–20790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.04.060Chen G., Li Y., Huang L., Zhang C., Luo X. Preparation of Al-Si alloy from silicon cutting waste: Enabling oxide surface removing and silicon utilization improving via vacuum sintering. Science of the Total Environment. 2023;863:161038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161038Chen G., Li Y., Huang L., Zhang C., Luo X. Preparation of Al-Si alloy from silicon cutting waste: Enabling oxide surface removing and silicon utilization improving via vacuum sintering. Science of the Total Environment. 2023;863:161038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161038Пат. C01B 33/18 RU. Способ получения осажденного кремнеземного наполнителя / Салькеева Л.К., Севостьянова К.А., Каколина Г.М., Тажбаев Е.М., Сугралина Л.М., Омашева А.В.; заявл. 04.02.2013; опубл. 15.11.2016. Бюл. № 15.Sal’keeva L.K., Sevost’yanova K.A., Kakolina G.M., Tazhbaev E.M., Sugralina L.M., Omasheva A.V. Method of obtaining precipitated silica filler. Patent C01B 33/18. Bulleten’ izobretenii. 2016;15.Liang S., Zhou X., Ruan S., Kastiukas G., Sun Y. Milled waste glass powder in magnesium-silicate-hydrate cement: Technical and environmental assessment. Journal of Mate­rials in Civil Engineering. 2023;35(1):04022379. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000455Liang S., Zhou X., Ruan S., Kastiukas G., Sun Y. Milled waste glass powder in magnesium-silicate-hydrate cement: Technical and environmental assessment. Journal of Mate­rials in Civil Engineering. 2023;35(1):04022379. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.000455Beskopylny A.N., Stel’makh S.A., Shcherban’ E.M., Beskopylny N., El’shaeva D. A study on the cement gel formation process during the creation of nanomodified high-performance concrete based on nanosilica. Gels. 2022;8(6):346. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8060346Beskopylny A.N., Stel’makh S.A., Shcherban’ E.M., Beskopylny N., El’shaeva D. A study on the cement gel formation process during the creation of nanomodified high-performance concrete based on nanosilica. Gels. 2022;8(6):346. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8060346Abdurakhmanov B.M., Kurbanov M.S., Nuraliev U.M., An­driyko L.S. Application of methane and micro silica for silicon carbide synthesis. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 2022;61(5–6):298–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-022-00317-6Abdurakhmanov B.M., Kurbanov M.S., Nuraliev U.M., An­driyko L.S. Application of methane and micro silica for silicon carbide synthesis. Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics. 2022;61(5–6):298–307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-022-00317-6

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.