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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2025-1-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2840</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние термических циклов на формирование структуры жаропрочной стали перлитного класса в условиях проволочного электродугового аддитивного производства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of thermal cycles on formation of pearlitic heat-resistant steel structure under wire arc additive manufacturing</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-8313</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Викторович Власов, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории физической мезомеханики и неразрушающих методов конт­роля</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, Академичес­кий пр., 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Il’ya V. Vlasov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Physical Mesomechanics and Non-Destructive Testing</p><p>2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viv@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-8906</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гордиенко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gordienko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонина Ильдаровна Гордиенко, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории физической мезомеханики и неразрушающих методов контроля</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, Академичес­кий пр., 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Antonina I. Gordienko, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Physical Mesomechanics and Non-Destructive Testing</p><p>2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mirantil@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7215-0505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенчук</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenchuk</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вячеслав Максимович Семенчук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории локальной металлургии в аддитивных технологиях</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, Академичес­кий пр., 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav M. Semenchuk, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Local Metallurgy in Additive Manufacturing Technologies</p><p>2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">svm_70@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Власов И.В., Гордиенко А.И., Семенчук В.М., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Власов И.В., Гордиенко А.И., Семенчук В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vlasov I.V., Gordienko A.I., Semenchuk V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2840">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2840</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследованы микроструктура и механические свойства модельной стенки из жаропрочной стали перлитного класса, изготовленной с использованием электродуговой проволочной 3D-печати в режиме сниженного тепловложения coldArc. Для анализа тепловых циклов при нанесении слоев использовался стационарный тепловизор. Перед нанесением каждого слоя применялось охлаж­дение сжатым воздухом до 200 °C, чтобы уменьшить накопление тепла. Высокие градиенты температур между расплавленным металлом и охлажденным слоем привели к образованию участков с неоднородной структурой, строение которых типично для сварного шва после электродуговой сварки. Такие участки с неоднородной структурой формируются при печати каждого нового слоя и повторяются по всей высоте стенки. Обнаружено, что каждый закристаллизовавшийся слой подвергается циклическому термическому воздействию при нанесении последующих десяти слоев. Высокий нагрев от нанесения двух-трех новых слоев приводит к частичным структурно-фазовым превращениям в нижележащем слое. Нанесение последующих семи – восьми слоев приводит к нагреву, аналогичному термической операции отпуск. При анализе микроструктуры в разных участках стенки выявлен игольчатый бейнит с небольшой долей реечного и бейнитного феррита и мартенситно-аустенитной составляющей. По мере увеличения высоты стенки наблюдалось незначительное увеличение ширины реек игольчатых структур по сравнению с нижними слоями стенки. Наиболее высокие значения микротвердости наблюдались в месте сплавления стенки и подложки (320 ± 7 кгс/мм2) в результате быстрого теплоотвода и высокой скорости охлаждения на начальных этапах печати. В основном объеме стенки значения микротвердости изменялись в диапазоне 260 – 300 кгс/мм2. Разброс значений и периодический характер кривой микротвердости связан с формированием участков с неоднородной структурой в пределах каждого нанесенного слоя стенки. Материал стенки характеризуется высокими значениями прочностных характеристик (до 800 МПа) и относительного удлинения (9 – 12 %).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of a model wall manufactured by arc wire 3D printing. 3D printing was performed using heat-resistant pearlitic steel wire in coldArc reduced heat input mode. Stationary thermal imager was employed to analyze the thermal cycles during layer deposition. Compressed air cooling to 200 °C was applied before each layer deposition to reduce heat accumulation. The high temperature gradients between the molten metal and the cooled layer resulted in areas with non-uniform structure, typical of welded joints after arc welding. Such areas with non-uniform structure were formed during the printing of each new layer and repeated throughout the wall height. It was observed that each solidified layer undergoes cyclic thermal effects during the deposition of subsequent ten layers. Intensive heating from deposition of two to three new layers leads to partial structural-phase transformations in the underlying layer. Deposition of the next 7 – 8 layers leads to heating similar to the “tempering” thermal operation. Microstructure analysis across different areas of the wall revealed acicular bainite with a small proportion of lath ferrite, bainitic ferrite, and martensitic-austenitic constituents. A slight increase in the width dimensions of acicular structure laths was observed with increasing wall height compared to the lower layers. The highest microhardness values were observed at the wall and substrate fusion zone (320 ± 7 kgf/mm2) due to rapid heat conduction and high cooling rates during the initial stages of printing. In the wall bulk, microhardness values ranged from 260 to 300 kgf/mm2. The scatter of values and the periodic nature of the microhardness curve are associated with the formation of areas with non-uniform structure within each deposited layer of the wall. The wall material exhibits high strength characteristics (up to 800 MPa) and relative elongation (9 – 12 %).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аддитивная технология</kwd><kwd>WAAM</kwd><kwd>GMAW</kwd><kwd>жаропрочная сталь перлитного класса</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>механические свойства</kwd><kwd>термоциклирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>additive technology</kwd><kwd>WAAM</kwd><kwd>GMAW</kwd><kwd>pearlitic heat-resistant steel</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>mechanical properties</kwd><kwd>thermal cycling</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-29-00827.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation project No. 24-29-00827.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding D., Pan Z., Cuiuri D. 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