blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2024-6-686-695blackmet-2820Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕMATERIAL SCIENCEСтруктурно-фазовое состояние и свойства композитного сплава 56GM/(W + WС(Ni)), полученного методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производстваStructural-phase state and properties of 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) composite alloy obtained by wire electron beam additive manufacturinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-1329НиконенкоА. В.NikonenkoA. V.

Алиса Владимировна Никоненко, к.т.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории структурного дизайна перспективных материалов

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Alisa V. Nikonenko, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Structural Design of Advanced Materials

2/4 Akademiches­­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

aliska-nik@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-7616ВоронцовА. В.VorontsovA. V.

Андрей Владимирович Воронцов, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории структурного дизайна перспективных материалов

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Andrei V. Vorontsov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Structural Design of Advanced Materials

2/4 Akademiches­­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

vav@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4649-6465ШамаринН. Н.ShamarinN. N.

Николай Николаевич Шамарин, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории локальной металлургии в аддитивных технологиях

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Nikolai N. Shamarin, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Local Metal­lurgy in Additive Technologies

2/4 Akademiches­­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

shnn@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2303-8015УтягановаВ. Р.UtyaganovaV. R.

Вероника Рифовна Утяганова, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории локальной металлургии в аддитивных технологиях

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Veronika R. Utyaganova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory Local Metallurgy in Additive Technologies

2/4 Akademiches­­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

veronika_ru@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-5853СавченкоН. Л.SavchenkoN. L.

Николай Леонидович Савченко, д.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории контроля качества материалов и конструкций

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Nickolai L. Savchenko, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Leading Researcher of the Labo­ratory for Quality Control of Materials and Structures

2/4 Akademiches­­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

savnik@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-3784ЗыковаА. П.ZykovaA. P.

Анна Петровна Зыкова, к.ф.-м.н., старший научный сотрудник, заведующий лабораторией структурного дизайна перспективных материалов

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Anna P. Zykova, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher, Head of the Laboratory of Structural Design of Advanced Materials

2/4 Akademiches­­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

zykovaap@mail.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202415122024676686695Copyright © Никоненко А.В., Воронцов А.В., Шамарин Н.Н., Утяганова В.Р., Савченко Н.Л., Зыкова А.П., 20242024Никоненко А.В., Воронцов А.В., Шамарин Н.Н., Утяганова В.Р., Савченко Н.Л., Зыкова А.П.Nikonenko A.V., Vorontsov A.V., Shamarin N.N., Utyaganova V.R., Savchenko N.L., Zykova A.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2820

В работе исследовали микроструктуру и механические характеристики композита на основе стали 56GM, полученного методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства c введением при печати порошков W + WC(Ni). Показано, что композитный сплав 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) характеризуется градиентной структурой, состоящей из основного слоя стали 56GM, промежуточного слоя 56GM – 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) и композиционного слоя 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)). Основой слой 56GM характеризуется разнонаправленной игольчатой структурой, что соответствует феррито-мартенситному состоянию. В промежуточном слое 56GM – 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) игольчатая структура становится менее выраженной. В композиционном слое 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) формируется равноосная зеренная структура со средним размером зерен 8,59 мкм, по границам которых наблюдаются трещины. Частицы карбида вольфрама WC располагаются преимущественно по границам мелких зерен и в небольшом количестве внутри самих зерен. Методом рентгенофазового анализа установлено, что композит 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) преимущественно состоит из α-Fe (~80,6 об. %), Ni (~6 об. %), карбидной фазы WC (~10,3 об. %) и незначительной доли γ-Fe (3 об. %). Структура и свойства исходной стали 56GM изменяются не только в области непосредственного добавления легирующего порошка, но и в нижележащих слоях из-за диффузионных процессов и инфильтрации порошка W + WC(Ni) при печати. Значения микротвердости по мере удаления от подложки до композиционного слоя увеличиваются примерно от 3,5 до 6,5 ГПа. Испытания на одноосное растяжение показали максимальные предел прочности и предел текучести в промежуточном слое, которые составили 1100 ‒ 1200 и 835 МПа соответственно.

The authors investigated the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of 56GM steel-based composite produced by wire electron-beam additive manufacturing with the addition of W + WC(Ni) powders during printing. The analysis demonstrates that 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) composite alloy is characterised by a gradient structure consisting of 56GM base layer, 56GM – 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) intermediate layer and  56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) composite layer. The base layer of 56GM steel is characterized by a multidirectional acicular structure, which corresponds to the ferrite-martensite state. In 56GM – 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) intermediate layer the acicular structure becomes less pronounced. In 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) composite layer an equiaxed grain structure is formed, with an average grain size of 8.59 μm, along the boundaries of which cracks are observed. WC particles are located mainly along the boundaries of small grains and in small quantities inside the grains themselves. It was found that 56GM/(W + WC(Ni)) composite is mainly composed of α-Fe (~80.6 vol. %), Ni (~6 vol. %), WC carbide phase (~10.3 vol. %) and γ-Fe (3 vol. %). The structure and properties of initial 56GM steel change both in the area of direct addition of alloying powder and in the underlying layers due to diffusion processes and infiltration of W + WC(Ni). Microhardness values increase from ~3.5 GPa to ~6.5 GPa with distance from the substrate to the composite layer. In uniaxial tensile tests, the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values reached 1100 – 1200 MPa and 835 MPa in the intermediate layer, respectively.

электронно-лучевое аддитивное производствокомпозитсталь 56GMпорошок вольфрамапорошок WC(Ni)структурамеханические свойстваelectron beam additive manufacturingcomposite56GM steelpowderWC(Ni) powderstructuremechanical propertiesРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН, тема номер FWRW-2024-0001. Исследования выполнены с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Нанотех» Института физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН.The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Institute of Problems of Socio-Mechanical Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, topic No. FWRW-2024-0001. The research was carried out using the equipment of the Nanotech Center of Collective Use of the Institute of Problems of Socio-Mechanical Problems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.ReferencesTjong S.C. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.