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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2024-4-424-432</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2765</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Физика упрочнения поверхности катания головки рельсов из заэвтектоидной стали после эксплуатации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Physics of hardening of the rolling surface of rail head from hypereutectoid steel after operation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-4562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наталья Анатольевна Попова, к.т.н., научный сотрудник научно-учебной лаборатории «Наноматериалы и нанотехнологии»</p><p>Россия, 634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natal’ya A. Popova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Scientific and Educational Laboratory “Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies”</p><p>2 Solyanaya Sqr., Tomsk 634003, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya-popova-44@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Евгеньевич Громов, д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. проф. В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor E. Gromov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9932-4755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьев</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yur’ev</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Борисович Юрьев, д.т.н., профессор, ректор</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei B. Yur’ev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Rector</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rector@sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2335-7788</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартусевич</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martusevich</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ефим Александрович Мартусевич, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории электронной микроскопии и обработки изображений</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Efim A. Martusevich, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Image Processing</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">program.pro666@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3602-5739</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Порфирьев</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Porfir’ev</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Анатольевич Порфирьев, научный сотрудник Управления научных исследований</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Porfir’ev, Research Associate of Department of Scientific Researches</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mporf372@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>424</fpage><lpage>432</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Попова Н.А., Громов В.Е., Юрьев А.Б., Мартусевич Е.А., Порфирьев М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Попова Н.А., Громов В.Е., Юрьев А.Б., Мартусевич Е.А., Порфирьев М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Popova N.A., Gromov V.E., Yur’ev A.B., Martusevich E.A., Porfir’ev M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2765">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2765</self-uri><abstract><p>В России с ее протяженной сетью железных дорог более пяти лет производятся рельсы специального назначения повышенной износостойкости и контактной выносливости категории ДТ400ИК из стали с содержанием углерода более 0,8 %. На поверхности катания головки дифференцированно закаленных длинномерных рельсов из заэвтектоидной стали после длительной эксплуатации (пропущенный тоннаж 187 млн т брутто на экспериментальном кольце) методами просвечивающей электронной микроскопии выявлены морфологические составляющие структуры: пластинчатый перлит, фрагментированный перлит, разрушенный пластинчатый перлит, глобулярный перлит, полностью разрушенный перлит, субзеренная структура. Проведена количественная оценка вкладов упрочнения, обусловленных трением кристаллической решетки, твердорастворным упрочнением, упрочнением за счет перлита, упрочнением некогерентными частицами цементита, границами зерен и субграницами, дислокационной субструктурой и внутренними полями напряжений. Установлена иерархия этих механизмов и отмечено, что для поверхности скругления (выкружки) головки рельсов основным механизмом упрочнения является упрочнение некогерентными частицами, а также механизмы, обусловленные внутренними дальнодействующими (локальными) напряжениями, внутренними напряжениями сдвига («леса» дислокаций) и субструктурным упрочнением. Для поверхности катания по центральной оси головки рельсов основная роль в упрочнении принадлежит упрочнению дальнодействующими полями напряжений (особенно ее упругой компонентой), упрочнению некогерентными частицами и субструктурному упрочнению. С учетом объемных долей морфологических составляющих и их предела текучести определен аддитивный предел текучести на поверхности катания по центру головки и выкружке. Он составил 7950 и 2218 МПа для центра головки и выкружки. Представлена физическая интерпретация различия значений аддитивного предела текучести на поверхности катания головки рельсов в центре и на выкружке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In Russia, with its extensive railway system, for more than 5 years, special-purpose rails of increased wear resistance and contact endu­rance of the DH400RK category were produced from steel with a carbon content &gt;0.8 %. On the head rolling surface of differentially hardened long rails made of hypereutectoid steel after long-term operation, transmission electron microscopy methods revealed the morphological components of the structure: lamellar pearlite, fragmented pearlite, destroyed lamellar pearlite, globular pearlite, completely destroyed pearlite, subgrain structure. The contribution of hardening due to: lattice friction, solid solution hardening, pearlite hardening, incoherent cementite particles, grain boundaries and subboundaries, dislocation substructure and internal stress fields were quantified. A hierarchy of these mechanisms was made and it was noted that for the fillet surface of the rail head, the main hardening mechanism is hardening by incoherent particles, as well as mechanisms caused by internal long-range (local) stresses, internal shear stresses (“forests” of dislocations) and substructural hardening. For the rolling surface along the central axis of the rail head, the main role in hardening belongs to long-range stress fields (especially its elastic component), hardening by incoherent particles and substructural hardening. Taking into account the volume fractions of the morphological components and their yield strength, the additive yield strength on the head rolling surface in the center and on the fillet was determined: 7950 and 2218 MPa, respectively. The paper presents a physical interpretation of the difference in values of the additive yield strength on the rolling surface of the rail head in the center and on the fillet.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поверхность катания</kwd><kwd>рельсы</kwd><kwd>выкружка</kwd><kwd>механизмы упрочнения</kwd><kwd>аддитивный предел текучести</kwd><kwd>заэвтектоидная сталь</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rolling surface</kwd><kwd>rails</kwd><kwd>fillet</kwd><kwd>hardening mechanisms</kwd><kwd>additive yield strength</kwd><kwd>hypereutectoid steel</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № FEMN-2023-0003). Авторы выражают благодарность Е.В. Полевому за предоставленные образцы, И.Ю. Литовченко за помощь в проведении ПЭМ-исследований.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (subject No. FEMN-2023-0003). The authors express their gratitude to E.V. Polevoi for the samples provided and to I.Y. Litovchenko for assistance in conducting TEM studies.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юрьев А.А., Кузнецов Р.В., Громов В.Е., Иванов Ю.Ф., Шлярова Ю.А. Длинномерные рельсы: структура и свойства после сверхдлительной эксплуатации. Новокузнецк: «Полиграфист»; 2022:311.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yur’ev A.A., Kuznetsov R.V., Gromov V.E., Ivanov Yu.F., Shlyarova Yu.A. Long Rails: Structure and Properties after Long-Term Operation. Novokuznetsk: Poligrafist; 2022:311. 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