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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2024-4-417-423</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2764</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние неоднородностей химического состава и пористости спеченной стали на развитие мартенситного превращения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of inhomogeneities in chemical composition and porosity of sintered steel on development of martensitic transformation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6999-3520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустовойт</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovoit</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Николаевич Пустовойт, д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Материаловедение и технологии металлов»</p><p>Россия, 344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor N. Pustovoit, Dr. Sci. (Eng.)., Prof. of the Chair of Materials Science and Metals Technology</p><p>1 Gagarina Sqr., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pustovoyt45@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8558-1136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгачев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgachev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Вячиславович Долгачев, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Мате­риаловедение и технологии металлов»</p><p>Россия, 344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii V. Dolgachev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.)., Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Materials Science and Metals Technology</p><p>1 Gagarina Sqr., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuridol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Сергеевич Егоров, к.т.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой «Материаловедение и технологии металлов»</p><p>Россия, 344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim S. Egorov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.)., Assist. Prof., Head of the Chair of Materials Science and Metals Technology</p><p>1 Gagarina Sqr., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aquavdonsk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вернигоров</surname><given-names>Ю. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vernigorov</surname><given-names>Yu. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Михайлович Вернигоров, д.т.н., профессор кафедры «Физи­­ка»</p><p>Россия, 344003, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii M. Vernigorov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.)., Prof. of the Chair of Physics</p><p>1 Gagarina Sqr., Rostov-on-Don 344002, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">jvernigorov@donstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>417</fpage><lpage>423</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пустовойт В.Н., Долгачев Ю.В., Егоров М.С., Вернигоров Ю.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пустовойт В.Н., Долгачев Ю.В., Егоров М.С., Вернигоров Ю.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pustovoit V.N., Dolgachev Y.V., Egorov M.S., Vernigorov Y.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2764">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2764</self-uri><abstract><p>Авторы исследовали мартенситное превращение в пористых спеченных сталях. При анализе процесса развития мартенситного превращения учтено влияние двух факторов: обеднение углеродом приповерхностных слоев пор; изменение энергетического баланса за счет релаксации напряжений превращения на свободных поверхностях пор. Исследования проводились на образцах пористых сталей с содержанием углерода 1,56 мас. %, полученных после прессования и спекания в атмосфере водорода при температуре 1200 °С смеси порошков железа ПЖРВ и графита ГК-3. Проводилась также газовая цементация при температуре 1100 °С и гомогенизация, позволяющая достигнуть указанного содержания углерода. Закалка образцов проходила в растворе поваренной соли при температуре 27 °С. Применялось предварительное подстуживание с температур Аст до 800 °С со скоростью 62 °С/с. Рентгеноспектральный микроанализ распределения углерода выполнялся на установке CAMECA. Microsonde M.S. 46 при диаметре зонда 2 мкм. Обнаружено преимущественное образование пластин мартенсита на поверхностях пор, а также близкая к ромбоидальной форма их поперечного сечения. Полученные данные о морфологии кристаллов α′-фазы, растущих от пор, и исследования методом рентгеноспектрального микроанализа распределения углерода вдоль наиболее крупных пластин мартенсита подтверждают отсутствие каких-либо существенных изменений концентрации углерода. Как следствие, их влияние на развитие мартенситного превращения в районе пор не является ведущим. Для спеченных порис­тых сталей неустранимым фактором повышения температуры является наличие пористости в отличие от устранимого фактора неоднородности химического состава, которая обусловлена неполнотой процессов гомогенизации сплава как при спекании, так и в процессе аустенитизации, предшествующей закалке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of martensitic transformation in porous sintered steels. When analyzing the process of development of marten­sitic transformation in porous sintered steel, the influence of two factors was assessed: depletion of carbon in the near-surface layers of pores and a change in the energy balance due to relaxation of transformation stresses on free surfaces of the pores. The martensitic transformation was studied in porous steel with a carbon content of 1.56 wt. % obtained after pressing and sintering of a mixture of PZhRV iron powders and GK-3 graphite in hydrogen atmosphere at 1200 °C. Gas carburizing at 1100 °C and homogenization helped to achieve the specified carbon content. The samples were quenched in a sodium chloride solution at a temperature of 27 °C. Pre-cooling was used from temperatures Ast to 800 °C at a rate of 62 °C/s. X-ray microanaly­sis of carbon distribution was carried out using the installation CAMECA Microsonde M.S. 46 with a probe diameter of two microns. The martensite plates predominantly formed on the pores’ surfaces and their cross section had shape close to rhomboidal. The data obtained on the morphology of α′-phase crystals growing from pores and the study by X-ray spectral microanalysis of carbon distribution along the largest martensite plates convince us of the absence of any significant changes in carbon content and, as a consequence, their influence on development of martensitic transformation in the area of pores is not the leader. For sintered porous steels, an irremovable factor in the increase in temperature is the presence of porosity, in contrast to a removable factor – inhomogeneity of the chemical composition, which is caused by incompleteness of the alloy homogenization processes, both during sintering and during the austenitization process that precedes quenching.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мартенсит</kwd><kwd>спеченная сталь</kwd><kwd>поры</kwd><kwd>свободная поверхность</kwd><kwd>закалка</kwd><kwd>релаксация напряжений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>martensite</kwd><kwd>sintered steel</kwd><kwd>pores</kwd><kwd>free surface</kwd><kwd>quenching</kwd><kwd>stress relaxation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гуревич Ю.Г., Рахманов В.И. Термическая обработка порошковых сталей. 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