blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2024-4-401-408blackmet-2762Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕMATERIAL SCIENCEФазовый состав и микроструктура интерметаллических сплавов, полученных методом проволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производстваPhase composition and microstructure of intermetallic alloys obtained using electron-beam additive manufacturinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-3777АстафуровС. В.AstafurovS. V.

Сергей Владимирович Астафуров, к.ф.-м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Sergei V. Astafurov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Physics of Hierarchical Structures in Metals and Alloys

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

svastafurov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-6055МельниковЕ. В.Mel’nikovE. V.

Евгений Васильевич Мельников, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Evgenii V. Mel’nikov, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Physics of Hierarchical Structures in Metals and Alloys

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

melnickow-jenya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1995-4205АстафуроваЕ. Г.AstafurovaE. G.

Елена Геннадьевна Астафурова, д.ф.-м.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Elena G. Astafurova, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assist. Prof., Head of the Laboratory of Physics of Hierarchical Structures in Metals and Alloys,

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

elena.g.astafurova@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-3656КолубаевЕ. А.KolubaevE. A.

Евгений Александрович Колубаев, д.т.н., директор

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Evgenii A. Kolubaev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Director

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

eak@ispms.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202431082024674401408Copyright © Астафуров С.В., Мельников Е.В., Астафурова Е.Г., Колубаев Е.А., 20242024Астафуров С.В., Мельников Е.В., Астафурова Е.Г., Колубаев Е.А.Astafurov S.V., Mel’nikov E.V., Astafurova E.G., Kolubaev E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2762

В работе проведено исследование микроструктуры и фазового состава интерметаллических сплавов на основе никеля и алюминия, полученных с использованием двухпроволочного электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства (ЭЛАП). Актуальность проведенных исследований связана с широким использованием интерметаллических сплавов на основе никеля и алюминия (преиму­щественно Ni3Al) в различных высокотемпературных приложениях и необходимостью использования современных методов производства при создании деталей машин и механизмов из этих сплавов. С помощью ЭЛАП были получены заготовки интерметаллических сплавов с разным отношением содержания основных компонентов. Изменение концентрации базовых элементов осуществлялось путем изменения соотношения скоростей подачи никелевой и алюминиевой проволок в процессе аддитивного производства в диапазоне от 1:1 до 3:1 соответственно. Результаты микроскопических исследований полученных сплавов показали, что независимо от содержания никеля полученные сплавы характеризуются крупнокристаллической структурой с размерами зерен в диапазоне 100 – 300 мкм для сплавов с соотношением компонентов 1:1 и 150 – 400 мкм для сплавов с соотношением компонентов 2:1 и 3:1. При этом сплав с равным содержанием базовых компонентов характеризуется более однородной зеренной микроструктурой по сравнению со сплавами с высоким содержанием никеля. При изменении соотношения концентрации компонентов, подаваемых в процессе аддитивного производства, можно целенаправленно управлять фазовым составом получаемой заготовки. В случае «эквиатомного» содержания в сплаве базовых компонентов формируется соединение на основе NiAl с небольшим содержанием фаз на основе интерметаллидов Ni3Al5 и Ni3Al. При больших концентрациях никеля формируется интерметаллидная фаза Ni3Al, а при соотношении компонентов 3:1 структура получаемой заготовки состоит преимущественно из фазы Ni3Al и γ твердого раствора замещения на основе никеля. В работе продемонстрирована возможность прямого получения интерметаллических сплавов с заданным фазовым составом в процессе электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства.

The paper investigates the microstructure and phase composition of nickel- and aluminum-based intermetallic alloys obtained using two-wire electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM). Relevance of the research is related to the widespread use of intermetallic alloys based on nickel and aluminum (mainly Ni3Al) in various high-temperature applications and the need to use modern production methods when creating machine parts and mechanisms from these alloys. Using EBAM, the billets from intermetallic alloys with different ratios of the content of main components were obtained. Change in concentrations of the basic elements was carried out varying the ratio of feed rates of nickel and aluminum wires during additive manufacturing in the range from 1:1 to 3:1, respectively. The results of microscopic studies of the obtained alloys showed that, regardless of nickel content, the obtained alloys are characterized by a large–crystalline structure with grain sizes in the range of 100 – 300 μm for alloys with a component ratio of 1:1 and 150 – 400 μm for alloys with a component ratio of 2:1 and 3:1. At the same time, the alloy with an equal content of base components is characterized by more uniform grain and microstructure compared to those with high content of Ni. By changing the concentration ratio of the components, phase composition of the resulting billet can be purposefully controlled. In the case of an “equiatomic” content of the base components in the alloy, a NiAl-based compound with a small phase content based on the intermetallides Ni3Al5 and Ni3Al is formed. At high concent­rations of nickel, the intermetallic Ni3Al phase is formed, and at a component ratio of 3:1, structure of the resulting billet consists mainly of Ni3Al phase and the γ solid substitutional solution based on nickel. The paper demonstrates the possibility of direct production of intermetallic alloys with a given phase composition during electron-beam additive manufacturing.

интерметаллический сплаваддитивное производствомикроструктурафазовый составintermetallic alloyadditive manufacturingmicrostructurephase compositionРабота выполнена в рамках госзадания Института физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН, тема номер FWRW-2022-0005. Авторы выражают благодарность к.ф.-м.н. В.Е. Рубцову и к.ф.-м.н. С.Ю. Никонову за помощь в аддитивном производстве сплавов. Исследования проведены с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Нанотех» (Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН, Томск).The work was performed in accordance with the state assignment of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, subject no. FWRW-2022-0005. The authors express their gratitude to Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.) V.E. Rubtsov and Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.) S.Y. Nikonov for their assistance in additive manufacturing of the alloys. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.