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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2024-2-148-154</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2704</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка аварийности доменных фурм</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Estimation of accident rate of blast furnace tuyeres</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стук</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stuk</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Сергеевна Стук, ведущий специалист по охране труда, аспирант кафедры техносферной безопасности</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana S. Stuk, Leading Specialist on Occupational Safety, Postgraduate of the Chair of Technosphere Safety</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazareva.ts@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потоцкий</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pototskii</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Павлович Потоцкий, к.т.н.</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii P. Pototskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.)</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pep@disto.misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>154</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стук Т.С., Потоцкий Е.П., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стук Т.С., Потоцкий Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stuk T.S., Pototskii E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2704">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2704</self-uri><abstract><p>В современном доменном производстве даже кратковременное нарушение технологического процесса связано с большими потерями производительности. В практике ведения доменной плавки нередко встречаются значительные отклонения от оптимального режима. Они могут приводить не только к расстройствам хода доменной печи, но и к авариям. В работе доменной печи к типичным отклонениям от нормального распределения потока газа и шихтовых материалов относят: периферийный, осевой, канальный ходы; перекос уровня засыпи; различной степени и вида подвисания шихты. Вследствие этого происходят похолодание или излишний перегрев печи, нарушение ровности хода. Тяжелым последствием длительного периферийного движения газов являются не только интенсивный износ кладки, слабое использование тепловой и химической энергии газов, но и стабильное загромождение горна с образованием тотермана. Тотерман – это рудно-коксовый спек, образующийся в фурменной зоне доменной печи в результате похолодания ее центра. Данная работа посвящена исследованию и анализу нарушений работы доменной печи, анализу причин возникновения тотермана, оценке аварийности фурм доменной печи. Нарушение газораспределения и загромождение горна приводят к образованию тотермана, который провоцирует массовое горение фурм и холодильников доменной печи. Разработанные методические основы (математическая модель) позволяют оценить максимальную температуру фурменной зоны и результирующий тепловой поток на носок фурмы при наличии тотермана. Показано, что в доменных печах большого объема преобладает пузырьковый поток истечения газо-угольного потока, способствующий росту тотермана доменной печи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In modern blast furnace production, even a short-term disruption of the technological process is associated with large productivity losses. In the practice of conducting blast furnace melting, there are often significant deviations from the optimal mode. They can lead not only to disruptions of the blast furnace, but also to accidents. In the operation of a blast furnace, typical deviations from the normal distribution of gas flow and charge materials include: peripheral, axial, channel passages; skewing of the backfill level; varying degrees and types of charge suspension. As a result, there are a cooling or excessive overheating of the furnace and violation of the melting operation. A serious consequence of the prolonged peripheral movement of gases is not only intensive wear of the lining, poor use of thermal and chemical energy of gases, but also stable cluttering of the hearth with formation of a deadman. Deadman is an ore-coke sinter formed in the tuyere zone of a blast furnace, as a result of cooling of its center. The paper describes the study and analysis of violations of blast furnace operation, analysis of the deadman causes and assessment of the accident rate of blast furnace tuyeres. Violation of gas distribution and hearth cluttering lead to formation of a deadman, which provokes mass burning of tuyeres and blast furnace refrigerators. The developed methodological foundations (mathematical model) allow us to estimate the maximum temperature of the tuyere zone and the resulting heat flow to the tuyere toe in presence of a deadman. It is shown that in large-volume blast furnaces, bubble outflow of the gas-coal flow prevails, contributing to growth of a deadman in the blast furnace.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>черная металлургия</kwd><kwd>доменное производство</kwd><kwd>доменная печь</kwd><kwd>фурма</kwd><kwd>тотерман</kwd><kwd>фурменная зона</kwd><kwd>повышение температуры</kwd><kwd>результирующий тепловой поток</kwd><kwd>прогар</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ferrous metallurgy</kwd><kwd>blast furnace production</kwd><kwd>blast furnace</kwd><kwd>tuyere</kwd><kwd>deadman</kwd><kwd>tuyere zone</kwd><kwd>temperature increase</kwd><kwd>resulting heat flow</kwd><kwd>burnout</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жеребин Б.Н., Пареньков А.Е. Неполадки и аварии в работе доменных печей. 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