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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2024-1-65-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2679</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура и ее дефекты при аддитивном выращивании нержавеющих сталей методами лазерного спекания и электродуговой наплавки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structure and its defects in additive manufacturing of stainless steels by laser melting and electric arc surfacing</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4300-6659</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кабалдин</surname><given-names>Ю. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kabaldin</surname><given-names>Yu. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Георгиевич Кабалдин, д.т.н., профессор, руководитель лаборатории «Нанотехнологии в машиностроении»</p><p>Россия, 603022, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii G. Kabaldin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Head of the Laboratory “Nanotechnology in Mechanical Engineering”</p><p>24 Minina Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">uru.40@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернигин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernigin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Алексеевич Чернигин, инженер</p><p>Россия, 603022, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Chernigin, Engineer</p><p>24 Minina Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">honeybadger52@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кабалдин Ю.Г., Чернигин М.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кабалдин Ю.Г., Чернигин М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kabaldin Y.G., Chernigin M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2679">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2679</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время происходит активное развитие и изучение аддитивных технологий. Технологии 3D-печати металлами позволяют получать детали и конструкции сложной конфигурации с применением минимума формообразующих операций, что может приводить к снижению общей себестоимости получаемых изделий. В данной работе исследовалось структурообразование при изготовлении изделий из нержавеющих сталей 10Х12Н10Т и 08Х18Н9 аддитивными методами – SLM (Selective Laser Melting, селективное лазерное спекание) и WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, электродуговое выращивание). В ходе микроструктурного анализа было установлено, что при изготовлении изделий по технологии SLM образуются мелкие аустенитные зерна, ориентированные по направлению отвода тепла, а при методе WAAM аустенит формируется преимущественно в виде дендритов. Показано, что при изготовлении образцов методом SLM образуется пористость, что связано с непроплавлением отдельных частиц порошка. При реализации аддитивного выращивания методом WAAM (электродуговой наплавкой) повышенная пористость отсутствует. В ходе исследования выявлен новый дефект структуры, формирующийся при изготовлении изделий обоими методами – это образование границ раздела между слоями, что связано с самой технологией аддитивного выращивания. При выращивании изделия методом WAAM он проявляется более явно, чем при получении металла методом SLM. Границы наплавочных валиков при изготовлении изделий методом SLM более интенсивно накапливают различные интерметаллиды и структурные дефекты. Вследствие малого относительного объема одного наплавочного валика, по сравнению с методом WAAM, скопление данных дефектов и интерметаллидов может выступать эффективным барьером при движении дислокаций и приводить к повышению прочностных свойств изделий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, there is an active development and study of additive technologies. Metal 3D printing makes it possible to obtain parts and structures of complex configuration using a minimum of shaping operations, which can lead to a reduction in overall cost of the resulting products. In this paper, we studied the structure formation in manufacture of products made of stainless steels 10Cr12Ni10Ti (analogue of AISI 321) and 08Cr18Ni9 (analogue of AISI 304) by additive methods – SLM (Selective Laser Melting) and WAAM (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing). In the course of microstructural analysis, it was found that during the manufacture of products using SLM technology, small austenitic grains oriented in the direction of heat removal are formed, and with WAAM method, austenite is formed mainly in form of dendrites. It is shown that porosity is formed during manufacture of the samples by SLM method, which is associated with non-melting of individual powder particles. When implementing additive manufacturing by WAAM (electric arc surfacing), there is no increased porosity. In the course of the study, a new defect of the structure formed during the manufacture of products by both methods was revealed – formation of interface boundaries between layers, which is associated with the technology of additive manufacturing itself. When manufacturing a WAAM product, it manifests itself more clearly than when obtaining metal by SLM. Boundaries of the surfacing rollers in the manufacture of products by SLM accumulate various intermetallides and structural defects more intensively, relative to WAAM. As a result of the small relative volume of one surfacing roller, compared with WAAM, accumulation of these defects and intermetallides can act as an effective barrier during movement of dislocations, which can lead to an increase in the strength properties of products.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аддитивное выращивание</kwd><kwd>нержавеющие стали</kwd><kwd>SLM</kwd><kwd>WAAM</kwd><kwd>структура образцов</kwd><kwd>дефекты структуры</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>additive manufacturing</kwd><kwd>stainless steels</kwd><kwd>SLM</kwd><kwd>WAAM</kwd><kwd>sample structure</kwd><kwd>structural defects</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Григорьянц А.Г. Колчанов Д.С., Дренин А.А., Денежкин А.О. Исследование влияния основных параметров процесса селективного лазерного плавления на пористость образцов из алюминиевого сплава RS-300. 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