<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-6-743-749</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2665</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние основности на физические свойства шлаков системы СаО – SiO2 – 18 % Cr2O3 – 6 % B2O3 – 3 % Аl2O3 – 8 % МgO</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of basicity on physical properties of slags of the СаО – SiO2 – 18 % Cr2O3 – 6 % B2O3 – 3 % Аl2O3 – 8 % МgO system</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0734-6162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабенко</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babenko</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анатолий Алексеевич Бабенко, д.т.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Россия, 620016, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Амудсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anatolii A. Babenko, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Chief Researcher</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">babenko251@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-1161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шартдинов</surname><given-names>Р. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shartdinov</surname><given-names>R. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Руслан Рафикович Шартдинов, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории стали и ферросплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Амудсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ruslan R. Shartdinov, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Steel and Ferroalloys</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rr.shartdinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6698-5565</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уполовникова</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Upolovnikova</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алена Геннадьевна Уполовникова, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории стали и ферросплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Амудсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alena G. Upolovnikova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Steel and Ferroalloys</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">upol.ru@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9206-0905</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сметанников</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smetannikov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Николаевич Сметанников, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории стали и ферросплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Амудсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem N. Smetannikov, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Steel and Ferroalloys</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">artem.smetannikov.89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5659-1208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лобанов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lobanov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Даниил Андреевич Лобанов, к.т.н., научный сотрудник</p><p>Россия, 620016, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Амудсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Daniil A. Lobanov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">summerdanny@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6632-9533</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долматов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolmatov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алексей Владимирович Долматов, к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории металлургических расплавов</p><p>Россия, 620016, Свердловская обл., Екатеринбург, ул. Амудсена, 101</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksei V. Dolmatov, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Metallurgical Melts</p><p>101 Amundsena Str., Yekaterinburg 620016, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dolmatov.imet@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт металлургии Уральского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>743</fpage><lpage>749</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бабенко А.А., Шартдинов Р.Р., Уполовникова А.Г., Сметанников А.Н., Лобанов Д.А., Долматов А.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бабенко А.А., Шартдинов Р.Р., Уполовникова А.Г., Сметанников А.Н., Лобанов Д.А., Долматов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Babenko A.A., Shartdinov R.R., Upolovnikova A.G., Smetannikov A.N., Lobanov D.A., Dolmatov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2665">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2665</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе исследовано влияние основности на вязкость, температуру начала кристаллизации, фазовый состав и структуру шлаков системы СаО – SiO2 – 18 % Cr2O3 – 6 % B2O3 – 3 % Аl2O3 – 8 % МgO в диапазоне основности от 1,0 до 2,5 методами вибрационной вискозиметрии, термодинамического моделирования и рамановской спектроскопии. Физические свойства шлаков зависят от баланса процессов полимеризации и формирования фазового состава. Кислые шлаки основностью 1,0 относятся к категории «длинных» шлаков и характеризуются повышенной (до 34,1 %) долей высокотемпературных фаз. Однако, несмотря на то, что доля высокотемпературных фаз в 1,6 раза выше по сравнению с долей низкотемпературных фаз, они характеризуются более простой силикатной структурой, обеспечивая при температуре начала кристаллизации 1530 °С вязкость не более 0,25 Па·с. Рост основности (до 2,5) шлаков изучаемой оксидной системы, наряду с повышением (примерно в 5,9 раза) доли высокотемпературных фаз, сопровождается формированием более сложной силикатной структуры. Образующиеся четырехкоординационные структурные элементы [CrO4 ] и [AlO4 ] встраиваются в кремний-кислородную решетку и усложняют ее, что повышает степень полимеризации. Таким образом, при основности 2,5, в связи с высокой долей высокотемпературных фаз в шлаке и развитием процесса полимеризации, температура начала кристаллизации шлака возрастает до 1700 °C, а его вязкость достигает 1,0 Па·с при температуре 1670 °C.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Influence of basicity on viscosity, crystallization onset temperature, phase composition, and structure of slags of the СаО – SiO2 – 18 % Cr2O3 – 6 % B2O3 – 3 % Аl2O3 – 8 % МgO system in the basicity range (B = CaO/SiO2 ) from 1.0 up to 2.5 was studied using vibrational viscometry, thermodynamic modeling, and Raman spectroscopy. It was established that the physical properties of slags depend on the balance of polymerization degree and phase composition. Acid slags with a basicity of 1.0 belong to the category of “long” slags and are characterized by an increased proportion of high-temperature phases up to 34.1 %. However, despite the fact that the proportion of high-temperature phases is 1.6 times higher compared to the proportion of low-temperature ones, they are characterized by a simpler silicate structure, providing a viscosity of no more than 0.25 Pa·s at a crystallization onset temperature of 1530 °C. An increase in basicity of slags of the studied oxide system (up to 2.5), along with an increase in the proportion of high-temperature phases (by almost 5.9 times), is accompanied by formation of a more complex silicate structure. The resulting four-coordination structural elements [CrO4] and [AlO4] are embedded in the silicate structure and complicate it, which increases the polymerization degree. Thus, at basicity of 2.5, due to a high proportion of high-temperature phases in the slag and development of polymerization process, slag crystallization onset temperature increases to 1700 °C and its viscosity reaches 1.0 Pa·s at a temperature of 1670 °C.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>АКР-шлак</kwd><kwd>оксид бора</kwd><kwd>оксид хрома</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>вязкость</kwd><kwd>фазовый состав</kwd><kwd>температура начала кристаллизации</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AOD-slag</kwd><kwd>boron oxide</kwd><kwd>chromium oxide</kwd><kwd>structure</kwd><kwd>viscosity</kwd><kwd>phase composition</kwd><kwd>crystallization onset temperature</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена по государственному заданию Института металлургии Уральского отделения РАН с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Состав вещества» Института высокотемпературной электрохимии Уральского отделения РАН.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed according to the state assignment of the Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences using the equipment of the Shared Access Center “Composition of Compounds” of Institute of High Temperature Electronics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalicka Z., Kawecka-Cebula E., Pytel K. Application of the Iida model for estimation of slag viscosity for Al2O3-Cr2O3-CaO-CaF2. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 2009;54(1):179–187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalicka Z., Kawecka-Cebula E., Pytel K. Application of the Iida model for estimation of slag viscosity for Al2O3-Cr2O3-CaO-CaF2. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials. 2009;54(1):179–187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюдкин Д.А., Кисиленко В.В. Производство стали. В 3-х томах. Т. 3. Внепечная металлургия стали. Москва: Теплотехник; 2010:544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dyudkin D.A., Kisilenko V.V. Production of Steel. In 3 vols. Vol. 3. Extra-Furnace Metallurgy of Steel. Moscow: Teplotekhnik; 2010:544. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H.-M., Li G.-R., Li B., Zhang X.-J., Yan Y.-Q. Effect of B2O3 on melting temperature of cao-based ladle refining slag. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2010;17(10):18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(10)60177-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H.M., Li G.R., Li B., Zhang X.J., Yan Y.Q. Effect of B2O3 on melting temperature of cao-based ladle refining slag. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2010;17(10):18–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1006-706X(10)60177-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang, H.M., Zhang, T.W., Zhu, H., Yan, Y.Q., Zhao Y.N. Effect of B2O3 and CaF2 on viscosity of ladle refining slag. Advanced Materials Research. 2011;295–297:2647. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.295-297.2647</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, H.M., Zhang, T.W., Zhu, H., Yan, Y.Q., Zhao Y.N. Effect of B2O3 and CaF2 on viscosity of ladle refining slag. Advanced Materials Research. 2011;295–297:2647. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.295-297.2647</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бабенко А.А., Шартдинов Р.Р., Уполовникова А.Г., Сметанников А.Н., Гуляков В.С. Физические свойства шлаков системы CaO – SiO2 – B2O3, содержащей 15 % Al2O3 И 8 % MgO. Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 2019;62(10):769–773. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-10-769-773</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Babenko A.A., Shartdinov R.R., Upolovnikova A.G., Smetannikov A.N., Gulyakov V.S. Physical properties of slags of CaO – SiO2 – B2O3 system containing 15 % of Al2O3 and 8 % of MgO. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2019;62(10):769–773. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-10-769-773</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Токовой О.К. Аргонокислородное рафинирование нержавеющей стали. Челябинск: ИЦ ЮУрГУ; 2015:250.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tokovoi O.K. Argon-Oxygen Refining of Stainless Steel. Chelyabinsk: South Ural State University; 2015:250. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Штенгельмейер С.В., Прусов В.А., Богачев В.А. Усовершенствование методики измерения вязкости вибрационным вискозиметром. Заводская лаборатория. 1985;51(9):56–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shtengel’meier S.V., Prusov V.A., Bogachev V.A. Improvement of the viscosity measurement technique with a vibrating viscometer. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. 1985;51(9):56–57. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воскобойников В.Г., Дунаев Н.Е., Михалевич А.Г., Кухтин Т.И., Штенгельмейер С.В. Свойства жидких доменных шлаков. Москва: Металлургия; 1975:180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voskoboinikov V.G., Dunaev N.E., Mikhalevich A.G, Kukhtin T.I., Shtengel’meier S.V. Properties of Liquid Blast Furnace Slags. Moscow: Metallurgiya; 1975:180. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roine A. HSC 6.0 Chemistry Reactions and Equilibrium Software with Extensive Thermochemical Database and Flowshut. Pori: Outokumpu research Oy; 2006:448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roine A. HSC 6.0 Chemistry Reactions and Equilibrium Software with Extensive Thermochemical Database and Flowshut. Pori: Outokumpu research Oy; 2006:448.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бёккер Ю. Спектроскопия. / пер. Л.Н. Казанцева. Москва: РИЦ Техносфера, 2009:528.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Böcker J. Spektroskopie: Instrumentelle Analytik mit Atom- und Molekülspektrometrie. Würzburg: Vogel Communications Group GmbH &amp; Co. KG; 1997:519. (In Germ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMillan P. Structural studies of silicate glasses and melts-applications and limitations of Raman spectroscopy. American Mineralogist. 1984;69(6):622–644.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMillan P. Structural studies of silicate glasses and melts-applications and limitations of Raman spectroscopy. American Mineralogist. 1984;69(6):622–644.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matson D.W., Sharma S.K., Philpotts J.A. The structure of high-silica alkali-silicate glasses. A Raman spectroscopic in vestigation. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1983;58(2–3):323–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(83)90032-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matson D.W., Sharma S.K., Philpotts J.A. The structure of high-silica alkali-silicate glasses. A Raman spectroscopic in vestigation. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1983;58(2–3):323–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(83)90032-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McMillan P.F., Poe B.T., Gillet P.H., Reynard B. A study of SiO2 glass and supercooled liquid to 1950 K via high-temperature Raman spectroscopy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2001;58(17):3653–3662. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90156-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McMillan P.F., Poe B.T., Gillet P.H., Reynard B. A study of SiO2 glass and supercooled liquid to 1950 K via high-temperature Raman spectroscopy. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 2001;58(17):3653–3662. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90156-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim T.S., Park J.H. Structure-viscosity relationship of low-silica calcium aluminosilicate melts. ISIJ International. 2014;54(9):2031–2038. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.2031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim T.S., Park J.H. Structure-viscosity relationship of low-silica calcium aluminosilicate melts. ISIJ International. 2014;54(9):2031–2038. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.2031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dines T.J., Inglis S. Raman spectroscopic study of supported chromium (VI) oxide catalysts. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2003;5(6):1320–1328. https://doi.org/10.1039/b211857b</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dines T.J., Inglis S. Raman spectroscopic study of supported chromium (VI) oxide catalysts. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 2003;5(6):1320–1328. https://doi.org/10.1039/b211857b</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weckhuysen B.M., Wachs I.F. Raman spectroscopy of supported chromium oxide catalysts. Determination of chromium—oxygen bond distances and bond orders. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions. 1996;92(11):1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1039/FT9969201969</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weckhuysen B.M., Wachs I.F. Raman spectroscopy of supported chromium oxide catalysts. Determination of chromium—oxygen bond distances and bond orders. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions. 1996;92(11):1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1039/FT9969201969</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim Y., Morita K. Relationship between molten oxide structure and thermal conductivity in the CaO–SiO2–B2O3 system. ISIJ International. 2014;54(9):2077–2083. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.2077</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim Y., Morita K. Relationship between molten oxide structure and thermal conductivity in the CaO–SiO2–B2O3 system. ISIJ International. 2014;54(9):2077–2083. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.2077</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochain B., Neuville D.R., Henderson G.S., McCammon C.A., Pinet O., Richet P. Effects of the iron content and redox state on the structure of sodium borosilicate glasses: A Raman, Mössbauer and boron K‐Edge XANES spectroscopy study. Journal of the American Ceramic Society.2012;95(3):962–971. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.05020.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochain B., Neuville D.R., Henderson G.S., McCammon C.A., Pinet O., Richet P. Effects of the iron content and redox state on the structure of sodium borosilicate glasses: A Raman, Mössbauer and boron K‐Edge XANES spectroscopy study. Journal of the American Ceramic Society.2012;95(3):962–971. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.05020.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Q., Gao J., Zhang Y., An Z., Guo Z. Viscosity measurement and structure analysis of Cr2O3-bearing CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slags. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2017;48:346–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0858-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Q., Gao J., Zhang Y., An Z., Guo Z. Viscosity measurement and structure analysis of Cr2O3-bearing CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3 slags. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2017;48:346–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0858-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xu R.Z., Zhang J.L., Wang Z.Y., Jiao K.X. Influence of Cr2O3 and B2O3 on viscosity and structure of high alumina slag. Steel Research International. 2017;88(4):1600241. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201600241</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xu R.Z., Zhang J.L., Wang Z.Y., Jiao K.X. Influence of Cr2O3 and B2O3 on viscosity and structure of high alumina slag. Steel Research International. 2017;88(4):1600241. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201600241</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Y., Zhang Z. Structural roles of boron and silicon in the CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses using FTIR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2015;46:1549–1554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0374-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Y., Zhang Z. Structural roles of boron and silicon in the CaO-SiO2-B2O3 glasses using FTIR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2015;46:1549–1554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-015-0374-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai Z., Song B., Li L., Liu Zh., Cui X. Effects of B2O3 on viscosity, structure, and crystallization of mold fluxes for casting rare earth alloyed steels. Metals. 2018;8(10):737. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/met8100737</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai Z., Song B., Li L., Liu Zh., Cui X. Effects of B2O3 on viscosity, structure, and crystallization of mold fluxes for casting rare earth alloyed steels. Metals. 2018;8(10):737. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/met8100737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mysen B.O., Virgo D., Scarfe C.M. Relations between the anionic structure and viscosity of silicate melts – a Raman spectroscopic study. American Mineralogist. 1980;65(7): 690–710.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mysen B.O., Virgo D., Scarfe C.M. Relations between the anionic structure and viscosity of silicate melts – a Raman spectroscopic study. American Mineralogist. 1980;65(7): 690–710.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forsbacka L., Holappa L., Kondratiev A., Jak E. Experimental study and modelling of viscosity of chromium containing slags. Steel Research International. 2007;78(9):676–684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200706269</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forsbacka L., Holappa L., Kondratiev A., Jak E. Experimental study and modelling of viscosity of chromium containing slags. Steel Research International. 2007;78(9):676–684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200706269</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu T., Zhang Y., Yuan F., An Z. Effects of the Cr2O3 content on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-10 Pct Al2O3-Cr2O3 quaternary slag. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2018;49:1719–1731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1258-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu T., Zhang Y., Yuan F., An Z. Effects of the Cr2O3 content on the viscosity of CaO-SiO2-10 Pct Al2O3-Cr2O3 quaternary slag. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. 2018;49:1719–1731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-018-1258-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
