<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-6-725-732</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2663</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурно-фазовые превращения 12 % хромистой феррито-мартенситной стали ЭП-823</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structural-phase transformations of 12 % chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-4362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спиридонова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Spiridonova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ксения Викторовна Спиридонова, к.ф.-м.н., младший научный сотрудник лаборатории материаловедения сплавов с памятью формы</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kseniya V. Spiridonova, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys</p><p>2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kseni_ya_almaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-3719</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литовченко</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litovchenko</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Юрьевич Литовченко, д.ф.-м.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией материаловедения сплавов с памятью формы</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor’ Yu. Litovchenko, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assist. Prof, Head of the Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys</p><p>2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">litovchenko@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-5469</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полехина</surname><given-names>Н. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polekhina</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Надежда Александровна Полехина, к.ф.-м.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории материаловедения сплавов с памятью формы</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nadezhda A. Polekhina, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys</p><p>2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nadejda89tsk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-1553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линник</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linnik</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Васильевна Линник, аспирант</p><p>Россия, 634050, Томск, пр. Ленина, 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeriya V. Linnik, Postgraduate</p><p>36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lera.linnik.1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-8755</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисенко</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisenko</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Андреевна Борисенко, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории материалов для аддитивных технологий</p><p>Россия, 630128, Новосибирск, ул. Кутателадзе, 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana A. Borisenko, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials for Additive Technologies</p><p>18 Kutateladze Str., Россия, Novosibirsk 630128, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanya.borisenko.97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9558-3055</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернов</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вячеслав Михайлович Чернов, д.ф.-м.н, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Россия, 123098, Москва, ул. Рогова, 5а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vyacheslav M. Chernov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Chief Researcher</p><p>5a Rogova Str., Moscow 123098, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">VMChernov@bochvar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьева-Смирнова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leont’eva-Smirnova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мария Владимировна Леонтьева-Смирнова, к.т.н., доцент, руководитель отдела</p><p>Россия, 123098, Москва, ул. Рогова, 5а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mariya V. Leont’eva-Smirnova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Head of Department</p><p>5a Rogova Str., Moscow 123098, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">MVLeonteva-Smirnova@bochvar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Tomsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт химии твердого тела и механохимии Сибирского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО «Высокотехнологический научно-исследовательский институт неорганических материалов им. акад. А.А. Бочвара»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>JSC “A.A. Bochvar High-Technology Scientific-Research Institute of Inorganic Materials”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>725</fpage><lpage>732</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Спиридонова К.В., Литовченко И.Ю., Полехина Н.А., Линник В.В., Борисенко Т.А., Чернов В.М., Леонтьева-Смирнова М.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Спиридонова К.В., Литовченко И.Ю., Полехина Н.А., Линник В.В., Борисенко Т.А., Чернов В.М., Леонтьева-Смирнова М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Spiridonova K.V., Litovchenko I.Y., Polekhina N.A., Linnik V.V., Borisenko T.A., Chernov V.M., Leont’eva-Smirnova M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2663">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2663</self-uri><abstract><p>Методами высокотемпературного рентгеноструктурного анализа (РСА) in situ и дифференциальной сканирующей калори­метрии (ДСК) исследованы особенности фазовых превращений 12 % хромистой феррито-мартенситной стали ЭП-823 в условиях нагрева и охлаждения в температурном интервале от 30 до 1100 ℃. По данным РСА in situ при нагреве температуры начала Ас1 и конца Ас3 α → γ-превращения (феррит – аустенит) составляют 880 и 1000 °С соответственно. При охлаждении реализуется диффузионное γ → α-превращение с критическими точками Аr1 ≈ 860 °С (температура начала) и Аr3 ≈ 840 °С (температура конца). Согласно данным ДСК при нагреве критические точки α → γ-превращения: Ас1 ≈ 840 °С, Ас3 ≈ 900 °С. При охлаждении реализуется мартенситное γ → α-превращение в интервале температур от Мн = 344 ℃ до Мк = 212 ℃. Методом РСА in situ выделения карбидных фаз в условиях нагрева и охлаждения стали ЭП-823 не обнаружено. Положение критических точек фазовых превращений зависит от метода исследований (РСА in situ или ДСК), что определяется различием в эффективной (с учетом времени на съемку в методе РСА) скорости нагрева/охлаждения. Обсуждается влияние элементного состава и особенностей микроструктуры на положение критических точек фазовых превращений феррито-мартенситных сталей. Показано, что увеличенное по сравнению с другими сталями того же класса содержание феррит-стабилизирующих элементов (Cr, Mo, Nb) в составе стали ЭП-823 расширяет область существования ферритной фазы, что может способствовать повышению температуры Ас1 .</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The features of phase transformations of 12 % chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823 under heating and cooling conditions in the temperature range from 30 to 1100 ℃ were studied by the methods of high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) in situ and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). According to XRD in situ data, upon heating, the temperatures of the beginning and end of the (α → γ) transformation of ferrite (martensite – austenite) are Ac1 ≈ 880 °C, Ac3 ≈ 1000 °C, respectively. Upon cooling, a diffusion (γ → α) transformation occurs with critical points – Аr1 ≈ 860°С (beginning temperature) and Аr3 ≈ 840 °С (end temperature). According to DSC data, during heating, the critical points of the (α → γ) transformation are Ac1 ≈ 840 °C and Ac3 ≈ 900 °C. During cooling, a martensitic (γ → α) transformation is realized with critical points of the beginning of Ms = 344 ℃ and the end of Mf = 212 ℃ of this transformation. The XRD in situ analysis revealed no precipitation of carbide phases under heating and cooling conditions of steel EP-823. Position of the critical points of phase transformations depends on the research method (XRD in situ or DSC), which is determined by the difference in effective (taking into account the time for shooting in the XRD method) heating-cooling rate. The effect of elemental composition on the position of critical points of phase transformations and the formation of structural-phase states of ferritic-martensitic steels is discussed. It is shown that the increased content of ferrite-stabilizing elements (Cr, Mo, Nb) in composition of EP-823 steel, compared with other steels of the same class, expands the region of existence of the ferrite phase, which can contribute to an increase in the temperature of Ac1 .</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>феррито-мартенситная сталь ЭП-823</kwd><kwd>структурно-фазовые превращения</kwd><kwd>высокотемпературный рентгеноструктурный анализ in situ</kwd><kwd>дифференциальная сканирующая калориметрия</kwd><kwd>закалка</kwd><kwd>традиционная термическая обработка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823</kwd><kwd>structural-phase transformations</kwd><kwd>high-temperature X-ray diffraction analysis in situ</kwd><kwd>differential scanning calorimetry</kwd><kwd>quenching</kwd><kwd>traditional heat treatment</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАН, тема номер FWRW-2021-0008. Исследования выполнены с использованием оборудования Томского регионального центра коллективного пользования Томскго государственного университета.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, project No. FWRW-2021-0008. The research was carried out with the equipment of Tomsk Regional Core Shared Research Facilities Center of National Research Tomsk State University (center was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cabet C., Dalle F., Gaganidze E., Henry J., Tanigawa H. Ferritic-martensitic steels for fission and fusion applications. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2019;523:510–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.05.058</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cabet C., Dalle F., Gaganidze E., Henry J., Tanigawa H. Ferritic-martensitic steels for fission and fusion applications. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2019;523:510–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2019.05.058</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yvon P. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2017:664.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yvon P. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2017:664.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Odette R.G., Zinkle S.J. Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2019:655.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Odette R.G., Zinkle S.J. Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2019:655.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zinkle S.J., Ghoniem N.M. Operating temperature windows for fusion reactor structural materials. Fusion Engineering and Design. 2000;51-52:55–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00320-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinkle S.J., Ghoniem N.M. Operating temperature windows for fusion reactor structural materials. Fusion Engineering and Design. 2000;51-52:55–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-3796(00)00320-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurtz R.J., Odette G.R. Chapter 3 – Overview of reactor systems and operational environments for structural materials in fusion reactors. In: Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2019:51–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397046-6.00003-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurtz R.J., Odette G.R. Chapter 3 – Overview of reactor systems and operational environments for structural materials in fusion reactors. In: Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2019:51–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397046-6.00003-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maloy S.A., Natesan K., Holsomb D.E., Fazio C., Yvon P. Chapter 2 – Overview of reactor systems and operational environments for structural materials in GEN-IV fission reactors. In: Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2019:23–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397046-6.00002-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maloy S.A., Natesan K., Holsomb D.E., Fazio C., Yvon P. Chapter 2 – Overview of reactor systems and operational environments for structural materials in GEN-IV fission reactors. In: Structural Alloys for Nuclear Energy Applications. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier; 2019:23–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397046-6.00002-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иолтуховский А.Г., Ланская К.А., Беломытцев Ю.С., Саратовский Л.Н. Выбор режимов термообработки 12 %-ной хромистой стали ЭП-823 применительно к условиям работы чехлов ТВС реактора БН-600. Вопросы атомной науки и техники. Сер. Атомное материаловедение. 1985;(2(19)):65–70.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ioltukhovskii A.G., Lanskaya K.A., Belomyttsev Yu.S., Saratovskii L.N. Choice of heat treatment modes of 12 % chromium steel EP823 in relation to operating conditions of fuel assembly covers of BN-600 reactor. Voprosy atomnoi nauki i tekhniki. Ser. Atomnoe materialovedenie. 1985;(2(19)):65–70. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polekhina N.A., Litovchenko I.Yu., Almaeva K.V., Akkuzin S.A., Linnik V.V., Moskvichev E.N., Chernov V.M., Naumenko I.A., Saifutdinova M.S., Leontieva-Smirnova M.V. Special features of the surface layer structure of ferritic-martensitic EP-823-Sh steel after prolonged exposure to the flowing lead at 630 °C under low oxygen concentration. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2022;572:154039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.154039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polekhina N.A., Litovchenko I.Yu., Almaeva K.V., Akkuzin S.A., Linnik V.V., Moskvichev E.N., Chernov V.M., Naumenko I.A., Saifutdinova M.S., Leontieva-Smirnova M.V. Special features of the surface layer structure of ferritic-martensitic EP-823-Sh steel after prolonged exposure to the flowing lead at 630 °C under low oxygen concentration. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2022;572:154039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2022.154039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Litovchenko I., Almaeva K., Polekhina N., Akkuzin S., Linnik V., Moskvichev E., Chernov V., Leontyeva-Smirnova M. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823 after high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. Metals. 2022;12(1):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litovchenko I., Almaeva K., Polekhina N., Akkuzin S., Linnik V., Moskvichev E., Chernov V., Leontyeva-Smirnova M. The microstructure and mechanical properties of ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823 after high-temperature thermomechanical treatment. Metals. 2022;12(1):79. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алмаева К.В., Литовченко И.Ю., Полехина Н.А., Линник В.В. Механизмы упрочнения 12 %-ой хромистой ферритно-мартенситной стали ЭП-823. Известия вузов. Черная Металлургия. 2022;65(12):887–894. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-12-887-894</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almaeva K.V., Litovchenko I.Yu., Polekhina N.A., Linnik V.V. Mechanisms of hardening of 12 % chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2022;65(12):887–894. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2022-12-887-894</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Беломытцев М.Ю., Моляров В.Г. Исследование сопротивления ползучести феррито-мартенситной стали 16Х12МВСФБР (ЭП-823). Известия вузов. Черная Металлургия. 2019;62(4):290–302. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-4-290-302</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belomyttsev M.Yu., Molyarov V.G. Creep resistance of ferritic-martensitic steel 16Cr12MoWSiVNbB (EP-823). Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2019;62(4):290–302. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2019-4-290-302</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kruglov A.B., Kruglov V.B., Struchalin P.G., Kharitonov V.S. Study of thermophysical properties of EP-823 steel in the temperature range of 200–900 ℃. Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute. 2015;42(9):264–267. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068335615090031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kruglov A.B., Kruglov V.B., Struchalin P.G., Kharitonov V.S. Study of thermophysical properties of EP-823 steel in the temperature range of 200–900 ℃. Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute. 2015;42(9):264–267. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068335615090031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Porollo S.I., Veremeev A.M., Konobeev Yu.V., Ivanov A.A., Shulepin S.V. Study of the long-term strength of neutron-irradiated austenitic and ferrite-martensite steel. Atomic Energy. 2018;124(2):98–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-018-0381-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Porollo S.I., Veremeev A.M., Konobeev Yu.V., Ivanov A.A., Shulepin S.V. Study of the long-term strength of neutron-irradiated austenitic and ferrite-martensite steel. Atomic Energy. 2018;124(2):98–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-018-0381-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maloy S.A., Romero T., James M.R. Tensile testing of EP-823 and HT-9 after irradiation in STIP II. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2006;356(1-3):56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.05.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maloy S.A., Romero T., James M.R. Tensile testing of EP-823 and HT-9 after irradiation in STIP II. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2006;356(1-3):56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.05.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grachev A.F., Zherebtsov A.A., Zabud’ko L.M., Zvir E.A., Kryukov F.N., Nikitin O.N., Skupov M.V., Ivanov Yu.A., Porollo S.I. Results of investigations of BREST-type reactor fuel rods with mixed uranium-plutonium nitride fuel, irradiated in BOR-60 and BN-600. Atomic Energy. 2019;125(5):314–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-019-00487-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grachev A.F., Zherebtsov A.A., Zabud’ko L.M., Zvir E.A., Kryukov F.N., Nikitin O.N., Skupov M.V., Ivanov Yu.A., Porollo S.I. Results of investigations of BREST-type reactor fuel rods with mixed uranium-plutonium nitride fuel, irradiated in BOR-60 and BN-600. Atomic Energy. 2019;125(5):314–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10512-019-00487-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polekhina N.A., Litovchenko I.Yu., Almaeva K.V., Bulina N.V., Korchagin M.A., Tyumentsev A.N., Chernov V.M., Leontyeva-Smirnova M.V. Features of phase transformations of low-activation 12 %-chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EK-181. Russian Physics Journal. 2020;62(12):2314–2318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-020-01982-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polekhina N.A., Litovchenko I.Yu., Almaeva K.V., Bulina N.V., Korchagin M.A., Tyumentsev A.N., Chernov V.M., Leontyeva-Smirnova M.V. Features of phase transformations of low-activation 12 %-chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EK-181. Russian Physics Journal. 2020;62(12):2314–2318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11182-020-01982-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ланская К.А. Высокохромистые жаропрочные стали. Москва: Металлургия; 1976:216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lanskaya K.A. High-Chromium Heat-Resistant Steels. Moscow: Metallurgiya; 1976:216. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raju S., Ganesh B.J., Rai A.K., Mythili R., Saroja S., Raj B. A study on martensitic phase transformation in 9Cr–1W–0.23V–0.063Ta– 0.56Mn–0.09C–0.02N (wt. %) reduced activation steel using differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2010;405(1):59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.07.036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raju S., Ganesh B.J., Rai A.K., Mythili R., Saroja S., Raj B. A study on martensitic phase transformation in 9Cr–1W–0.23V–0.063Ta– 0.56Mn–0.09C–0.02N (wt. %) reduced activation steel using differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Nuclear Materials. 2010;405(1):59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.07.036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lu Sh., Liang T., Li Y., Li D., Rong L., Li Y. Microstructure and mechanical properties of simulated heat-affected zones of EP-823 steel for ADS/LFR. Journal of Materials Science and Technology. 2015;31(8):864–871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2014.08.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lu Sh., Liang T., Li Y., Li D., Rong L., Li Y. Microstructure and mechanical properties of simulated heat-affected zones of EP-823 steel for ADS/LFR. Journal of Materials Science and Technology. 2015;31(8):864–871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2014.08.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ma T., Hao X., Wang P. Effect of heat treatments on microstructural evolution and tensile properties of 15Cr12MoVWN ferritic/martensitic steel. Metals. 2020;10(9):1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091271</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ma T., Hao X., Wang P. Effect of heat treatments on microstructural evolution and tensile properties of 15Cr12MoVWN ferritic/martensitic steel. Metals. 2020;10(9):1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091271</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru"></mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en"></mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
