blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2023-6-709-717blackmet-2660Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕMATERIAL SCIENCEИсследование структуры и анизотропии механических свойств стального изделия, полученного методом послойной электродуговой проволочной 3D-печатиStructure and mechanical properties anisotropy of a steel product manufactured by layer-by-layer electric arc wire 3D printinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9110-8313ВласовИ. В.VlasovI. V.

Илья Викторович Власов, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории физической мезомеханики и неразрушающих методов конт­роля

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Il’ya V. Vlasov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Physical Mesomechanics and Non-Destructive Testing

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

viv@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-8906ГордиенкоА. И.GordienkoA. I.

Антонина Ильдаровна Гордиенко, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории физической мезомеханики и неразрушающих методов контроля

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Antonina I. Gordienko, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Physical Mesomechanics and Non-Destructive Testing

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

mirantil@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6966-8402КузнецоваА. Е.KuznetsovaA. E.

Анастасия Евгеньевна Кузнецова, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории структурного дизайна перспективных материалов

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Anastasya E. Kuznetsova, Postgraduate, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Structural Design and Advanced Materials

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

aekuznetsova@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7215-0505СеменчукВ. М.SemenchukV. M.

Вячеслав Максимович Семенчук, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории локальной металлургии в аддитивных технологиях

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Vyacheslav M. Semenchuk, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Local Metallurgy in Additive Manufacturing Technologies

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

svm_70@ispms.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202329122023666709717Copyright © Власов И.В., Гордиенко А.И., Кузнецова А.Е., Семенчук В.М., 20232023Власов И.В., Гордиенко А.И., Кузнецова А.Е., Семенчук В.М.Vlasov I.V., Gordienko A.I., Kuznetsova A.E., Semenchuk V.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2660

В работе проведено исследование структуры и анизотропии механических свойств металлической стенки, полученной с помощью электродуговой проволочной 3D-печати (WAAM) проволокой ER70S-6. Нанесение слоев проводится в среде защитных газов: углекислого газа и аргона. В результате структурных исследований обнаружено, что внутреннюю структуру сформированного модельного изделия в виде элементарной стенки можно разделить на три зоны. Формирование разных зон стенки обусловлено многократными циклами нагрева и охлаждения участков стенки и степенью накопленного тепла по мере увеличения циклов 3D-печати. В результате быстрого теплоотвода в подложку при нанесении первых слоев основание стенки (зона 1) содержит крупные вытянутые зерна со структурой игольчатого феррита. Средняя часть стенки (зона 2) состоит из феррито-перлитной структуры, которая формируется в результате перекристаллизации в условиях многократного нагрева и охлаждения при 3D-печати. Размер ферритных зерен в зоне 2 изменяется в пределах от 11 до 16,3 мкм по мере увеличения количества слоев. Постепенное накопление тепла при 3D-печати приводит к формированию структур в зоне 3 в условиях перегрева и сниженной скорости охлаждения, вследствие этого верхняя часть стенки (зона 3) состоит из крупных ферритных зерен (размером до 29,8 мкм), сорбита, небольшой доли виндманштеттового и игольчатого феррита. Однородное распределение микротвердости и оптимальные механические характеристики (σ0,2 = 340 МПа, σв = 470 МПа, ε = 28 %) соответствует образцам, вырезанным из зоны 2 в направлении, параллельном 3D-печати. Образцы, вырезанные в вертикальном направлении относительно 3D-печати из зоны 3, демонстрируют самые низкие микротвердость и механические характеристики (σ0,2 = 260 МПа, σв = 425 МПа, ε = 20 %).

The work presents the study of structure and mechanical properties anisotropy of a metal wall obtained using electric arc wire 3D printing (WAAM) with ER70S-6 wire. The layers were deposited in the protective gases of carbon dioxide and argon. As a result of structural studies, it was found that the internal structure of the model product in form of a wall can be divided into three zones. Repeated heating, cooling cycles and degree of accumulated heat influence the formation of different wall zones. As a result of rapid heat removal to the substrate during deposition of the first layers, the wall base (zone 1) contains large elongated grains with acicular ferrite structure. The wall middle part (zone 2) consists of ferrite-pearlite structure, which was formed as a result of recrystallization under conditions of repeated heating and cooling during 3D printing. The size of ferrite grains in zone 2 varies from 11 to 16.3 µm with increasing the number of layers. The gradual accumulation of heat during 3D printing led to the formation of structures in zone 3 under conditions of overheating and a reduced cooling rate. As a result, the wall upper part (zone 3) consists of large ferrite grains (up to 29.8 μm), sorbite, and a small proportion of Widemanstatten ferrite and acicular ferrite. It is shown that the most uniform level of mechanical characteristics (σ0.2 = 340 MPa, σu = 470 MPa, ε = 28 %) correspond to the samples cut from zone 2 in a direction parallel to 3D prin­ting direction. The samples cut in the vertical direction relative to 3D printing and from zone 3 show the lowest level of microhardness and mechanical characteristics (σ0.2 = 260 MPa, σu = 425 MPa, ε = 20 %).

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.