<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-5-587-593</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2632</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Формирование градиента структурно-фазовых состояний быстрорежущей стали при наплавке. Часть 1. Решение задачи Стефана с двумя подвижными границами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Formation of the gradient of structural-phase states of high-speed steel during surfacing. Part 1. Solving the Stefan problem with two movable boundaries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-9029</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Невский</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nevskii</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Андреевич Невский, д.т.н., доцент кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Nevskii, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Natural Sciences named after Professor V.M. Finkel</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nevskiy_sa@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-909X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бащенко</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashchenko</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Петровна Бащенко, к.т.н., доцент кафедры тепло­энергетики и экологии</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila P. Bashchenko, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Thermal Power and Ecology”</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luda.baschenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-5498</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перегудов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peregudov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олег Александрович Перегудов, к.т.н., проректор по молодежной политике и воспитательной деятельности</p><p>Россия, 644050, Омск, пр. Мира, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Oleg A. Peregudov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Vice-Rector for Youth Policy and Educational Activities</p><p>11 Mira Ave., Omsk 644050, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Olegomgtu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Омский государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Omsk State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>587</fpage><lpage>593</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Невский С.А., Бащенко Л.П., Перегудов О.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Невский С.А., Бащенко Л.П., Перегудов О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nevskii S.A., Bashchenko L.P., Peregudov O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2632">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2632</self-uri><abstract><p>Теоретически рассматривается процесс затвердевания бинарной системы железо – вольфрам при содержании вольфрама 18 % (по массе). Такое содержание вольфрама характерно для теплостойкого сплава, который применяется в процессах плазменно-дуговой наплавки на поверхность валков. Решается осесимметричная тепловая задача Стефана для двух подвижных цилиндрических границ, которые разделяют три области. В области 1 расплав находится при температуре плавления, в области 2 вещество находится в двухфазном состоянии, а в области 3 ‒ твердое тело. На границе раздела областей 1 и 2 задается температура ликвидуса, а на границе раздела 2 и 3 – температура солидуса. На данных границах задается условие баланса тепловых потоков, из которого получена система кинетических уравнений. Эту систему решали численными методами, при этом не выдвигались гипотезы о том, что фронты фазовых превращений движутся по закону R ~ t1/2. Решение системы кинетических уравнений показывает, что граница солидуса движется практически по линейному закону. Граница ликвидуса перемещается по параболическому закону. Для областей микрометрового диапазона по размерам процессы фазовых превращений протекают за время порядка 5 нс, тогда как для областей размерами порядка 10 мкм – за время около 50 мкс. Зависимости температурных полей от радиальной координаты в различные моменты времени показывают, что с увеличением времени размеры области 2 уменьшаются, и, как только значения координат границ ликвидуса и солидуса становятся близкими, процесс кристаллизации останавливается. Дальнейшее развитие модели заключается в учете вращения одной из сред. Полученные результаты послужат материалом для исследования двухфронтовой неустойчивости Маллинза-Секерки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article considers theoretical study of solidification of the binary iron–tungsten system at a tungsten content of 18 wt. %. Such tungsten content is typical for heat-resistant alloys used in plasma-arc surfacing on the rolls surface. The axisymmetric Stefan thermal problem is solved for two movable cylindrical boundaries that separate three regions. In region 1, the melt is at the melting point; in region 2, the substance is in a two‒phase state, and in region 3 – a solid. The liquidus temperature was set at the interface of regions 1 and 2, and the solidus temperature – at the interface of regions 2 and 3. At these boundaries, a condition for the heat flows balance was given, from which a system of kinetic equations was obtained. This system was solved by numerical methods, without hypothesizing that the fronts of phase transformations move according to the law R ~ t1/2. Solution of the system of kinetic equations shows that the solidus boundary moves almost linearly. The liquidus boundary moves according to the parabolic law. For regions of the micrometer range in size, the processes of phase transformations take place in a time of about 5 ns, whereas for regions of the order of 10 μm in size – in a time of about 50 ms. Dependences of temperature fields on the radial coordinate at various points in time show that with increasing time, the dimensions of region 2 decrease, and as soon as coordinates of the liquidus and solidus boundaries become close, thecrystallization process stops. Further development of the model consists in taking into account the rotation of one of the media. The results obtained will serve as a material for the study of the Mullins-Sekerka two-front instability.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>система железо – вольфрам</kwd><kwd>задача Стефана</kwd><kwd>уравнение теплопроводности</kwd><kwd>подвижные границы фазовых превращений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iron – tungsten system</kwd><kwd>the Stefan problem</kwd><kwd>equation of thermal conductivity</kwd><kwd>moving boundaries of phase transformations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 23-19-00186), https://rscf.ru/project/23-19-00186).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 23-19-00186, https://rscf.ru/project/23-19-00186).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соснин Н.А., Ермаков С.А., Тополянский П.А. Плазменные технологии. Руководство для инженеров. СПб.: изд. Политехнического ун-та; 2013;406.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sosnin N.A., Ermakov S.A., Topolyanskii P.A. Plasma Technologies. A Guide for Engineers. SPb.: izd. Politekhnicheskogo un-ta; 2013;406. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Damon J., Schüßler P., Mühl F., Dietrich S., Schulze V. Short-time induction heat treatment of high speed steel AISI M2: Laboratory proof of concept and application-related component tests. Materials &amp; Design. 2023;230:111991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111991</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Damon J., Schüßler P., Mühl F., Dietrich S., Schulze V. Short-time induction heat treatment of high speed steel AISI M2: Laboratory proof of concept and application-related component tests. Materials &amp; Design. 2023;230:111991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111991</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park G.-W., Shin S., Kim J.-Y., Koo Y.-M., Lee W., Lee K.-A., Park S.S., Jeon J.B. Analysis of solidification microstructure and cracking mechanism of a matrix high-speed steel depo­sited using directed-energy deposition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2022;907:164523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164523</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park G.-W., Shin S., Kim J.-Y., Koo Y.-M., Lee W., Lee K.-A., Park S.S., Jeon J.B. Analysis of solidification microstructure and cracking mechanism of a matrix high-speed steel deposited using directed-energy deposition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2022;907:164523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164523</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малушин Н.Н., Романов Д.А., Ковалев А.П., Осетковс­кий В.Л., Бащенко Л.П. Структурно-фазовое состояние теплостойкого сплава высокой твердости, сформированного плазменной наплавкой в среде азота и высокотемпературным отпуском. Известия вузов. Физика. 2019;62(10(742)):106–111. https://doi.org/10.17223/00213411/62/10/106</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malushin N.N., Romanov D.A., Kovalev A.P., Osetkovs­kii V.L., Bashchenko L.P. Structural-phase state of a heat-resistant alloy of high hardness formed by plasma surfacing in nitrogen medium and high-temperature tempering. Izvestiya vuzov. Fizika. 2019;62(10(742)):106–111. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17223/00213411/62/10/106</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров Д.В., Александрова И.В., Иванов А.А., Малыгин А.П., Низовцева И.Г. Нелинейный анализ устойчивости затвердевания c областью фазового перехода. Расплавы. 2014;(2)27‒40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov D.V., Aleksandrova I.V., Ivanov A.A., Malygin A.P., Nizovtseva I.G. Nonlinear analysis of the stabi­lity of solidification with a mushy zone. Russian Metallurgy (Metally). 2014;2014(8):606–617. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029514080035</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров Д.В., Александрова И.В., Иванов А.А., Стародумов И.О., Торопова Л.В. Направленное затвердевание с двухфазной зоной с учетом зависимости плотности жидкой фазы от температуры и концентрации примеси. Расплавы. 2020;(1):37‒45. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0235010620010028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov D.V., Aleksandrova I.V., Ivanov A.A., Starodumov I.O., Toropova L.V. Directional solidification with a two-phase zone taking into account the dependence of liquid phase density on temperature and impurity concentration. Rasplavy. 2020;(1):37‒45. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0235010620010028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexandrov D.V., Toropova L.V. The role of incoming flow on crystallization of undercooled liquids with a two‑phase layer. Scientific Reports. 2022;12:17857. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22786-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandrov D.V., Toropova L.V. The role of incoming flow on crystallization of undercooled liquids with a two‑phase layer. Scientific Reports. 2022;12:17857. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22786-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Worster M.G. Natural convection in a mushy layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1991;224:335–359. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112091001787</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Worster M.G. Natural convection in a mushy layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1991;224:335–359. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112091001787</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lahiri A., Choudhury A. Theoretical and numerical investigation of diffusive instabilities in multicomponent alloys. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2017;459:1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.11.046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lahiri A., Choudhury A. Theoretical and numerical investigation of diffusive instabilities in multicomponent alloys. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2017;459:1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.11.046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sekerka R.F. Morphological stability. Journal of Crystal Growth. 1968;3-4:71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(68)90102-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sekerka R.F. Morphological stability. Journal of Crystal Growth. 1968;3-4:71–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(68)90102-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alexandrov D.V. Solidification with a quasiequilibrium mushy region: exact analytical solution of nonlinear model. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2001;222(4):816–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00960-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alexandrov D.V. Solidification with a quasiequilibrium mushy region: exact analytical solution of nonlinear model. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2001;222(4):816–821. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(00)00960-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elsaid A., Helal S.M. Moving Taylor series for solving one-dimensional one-phase Stefan problem. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2022;61(9):7121–7128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.12.055</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elsaid A., Helal S.M. Moving Taylor series for solving one-dimensional one-phase Stefan problem. Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2022;61(9):7121–7128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.12.055</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лыков А.В. Теория теплопроводности. Москва: Высшая школа; 1967;599.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lykov A.V. Theory of Thermal Conductivity. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola; 1967;599. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев С.А. Математическое моделирование нестационарной теплопроводности кристаллизации частицы сферической формы в расплаве с движущимися границами. Исследовано в России. 2003;6:664–672.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev S.A. Mathematical modeling of unsteady thermal conductivity of spherical particle crystallization in a melt with moving boundaries. Issledovano v Rossii. 2003;(6):664–672.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen M.W., Wang Z.D. The evolution and morphological stability of a particle in a binary alloy melt. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2023;607:127113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2023.127113</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen M.W., Wang Z.D. The evolution and morphological stability of a particle in a binary alloy melt. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2023;607:127113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2023.127113</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Формалев В.Ф., Рабинский Л.Н. О задаче типа Стефана с двумя нестационарно подвижными границами фазовых превращений. Известия РАН. Энергетика. 2014;(4):74–81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Formalev V.F., Rabinskii L.N. On a Stefan-type problem with two unsteadily moving boundaries of phase transformations. Izvestiya RAN. Energetika. 2014;(4):74–81. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карташов Э.М. Аналитические методы решения краевых задач нестационарной теплопроводности в областях с движущимися границами. Инженерно-физический журнал. 2001;74(2):171–195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kartashov E.M. Analytical methods for solving boundary value problems of unsteady thermal conductivity in regions with moving boundaries. Engineering and Physics Journal. 2001;74(2):171–195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карслоу Г., Егер Д. Теплопроводность твердых тел. Москва: Наука; 1964;488.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carslaw H.S., Jaeger J.C. Conduction of Heat in Solids. London: Oxford University Press; 1947.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лякишев Н.П. Диаграммы состояния двойных металлических систем. В 3 т. Т. 2. Москва: Машиностроение; 1997;1024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyakishev N.P. State Diagrams of Double Metal Systems. In 3 vols. Vol. 2. Moscow: Mashinostroenie; 1997;1024. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen M.-W., Wang Y., Guo H. The effect of anisotropic surface tension on interfacial evolution of a particle in the binary alloy melt. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2019;510:32‒39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.12.032</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen M.-W., Wang Y., Guo H. The effect of anisotropic surface tension on interfacial evolution of a particle in the binary alloy melt. Journal of Crystal Growth. 2019;510:32‒39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.12.032</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
