blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2023-5-516-521blackmet-2621Research ArticleМЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИMETALLURGICAL TECHNOLOGIESИсследование изменения структуры, показателей твердости и трещиностойкости плазменно-упрочненной стали 65ГChanges in structure, hardness and crack resistance of plasma-strengthened steel 65Ghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9092-8982КосановаИ. М.KossanovaI. M.

Индира Муратовна Косанова, магистр, докторант

Казахстан, 010000, Астана, пр. Женис, 62

Indira M. Kossanova, Master Student, Doctoral

62 Zhenis Ave., Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan

ind_jm@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2530-038XКанаевA. T.KanayevA. T.

Амангельды Токешович Канаев, д.т.н., профессор кафедры стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации

Казахстан, 010000, Астана, пр. Женис, 62

Amangel’dy T. Kanaye, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof. of the Chair of Standar­dization, Metrology and Certification

62 Zhenis Ave., Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan

aman-kanaev2012@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8549-3064ТолкынбаевТ. А.TolkynbayevT. A.

Темирхан Анапияевич Толкынбаев, д.т.н., профессор

Казахстан, 010008, Астана, ул. Сатпаева, 2

Temirkhan A. Tolkynbayev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof.

2 Satpaeva Str., Astana 010008, Republic of Kazakhstan

temtol1961@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3345-4071ДжаксымбетоваМ. А.JaxymbetovaM. A.

Макпал Адликановна Джаксымбетова, старший преподаватель

Казахстан, 010008, Астана, ул. Сатпаева, 2

Makpal A. Jaxymbetova, Senior Lecturer

2 Satpaeva Str., Astana 010008, Republic of Kazakhstan

dzhaksymbetov@list.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-313XСарсембаеваТ. Е.SarsembaevaT. E.

Толкын Ержановна Сарсембаева, к.т.н., старший преподаватель

Казахстан, 010000, Астана, пр. Женис, 62

Tolkyn E. Sarsembaeva, PhD, Senior Lecturer

62 Zhenis Ave., Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan

tolkyn-adil@mail.ruКазахский агротехнический университет имени Сакена СейфуллинаКазахстанS. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical UniversityKazakhstanЕвразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. ГумилеваКазахстанL.N. Gumilev Eurasian National UniversityKazakhstan202328102023665516521Copyright © Косанова И.М., Канаев A.T., Толкынбаев Т.А., Джаксымбетова М.А., Сарсембаева Т.Е., 20232023Косанова И.М., Канаев A.T., Толкынбаев Т.А., Джаксымбетова М.А., Сарсембаева Т.Е.Kossanova I.M., Kanayev A.T., Tolkynbayev T.A., Jaxymbetova M.A., Sarsembaeva T.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2621

Проведены исследования структуры, показателей твердости и трещиностойкости до и после плазменной обработки стали марки 65Г лемешной части плуга. В результате плазменной обработки получен модифицированный слой с повышенной в 3,6 раза твердостью в интервале 980 – 3558 HV. Металлографические исследования показали, что перлитно-ферритная структура исходного металла вследствие плазменной закалки превращается в игольчатый мартенсит с высокими твердостью и прочностью. Усталостную трещину на образцах создавали на вибраторе Дроздовского. Перед выращиванием усталостной трещины на боковую поверхность образца наносились боковые V-образные надрезы различной глубины. Относительная длина трещины λ изменялась в пределах от 0,27 до 0,65. По результатам испытаний на сжатие установлено небольшое перемещение трещин в закаленных образцах в диапазоне 1,3 – 5,6 мм. Исходные неупрочненные образцы находятся в более хрупком состоянии, чем закаленные, соответственно наблюдается значительное разрушение их в условиях нанесения искусственной трещины. Проведенная оценка образцов стали 65Г на трещиностойкость путем испытания на ударный изгиб с последующим осциллографированием показала, что плазменная закалка способствует торможению увеличения трещины за счет роста ударной вязкости. Таким образом, применение плазменной закалки эффективно при поверхностном упрочнении стали марки 65Г, в частности лемехов плуга, которые постоянно подвергаются механическим воздействиям, трению и износу.

The present paper describes the research of structure, hardness and crack resistance indicators before and after plasma treatment of 65G steel of a ploughshare part. As a result of plasma treatment, we obtained the modified layer with increased hardness in the range of 980 – 3558 HV with increase in 3.6 times. Metallographic studies showed that pearlitic-ferritic structure of the original metal transforms into needle martensite with high hardness and strength due to plasma hardening. It is recommended to determine the impact toughness by the Drozdowski method, in which a fatigue crack is pre-created on a special vibrator. Also, before the fatigue crack was grown, lateral V-shaped notches of different depths were made on the sample lateral surface. The relative crack length, λ, varied from 0.27 to 0.65. According to the results of compression tests, it was found that there was a small movement of cracks in the hardened samples in the range from 1.3 to 5.6 mm. The initial unstrengthened samples are in a more brittle state than the quenched ones, and accordingly, significant fracture is observed in the conditions of artificial cracking. The evaluation of 65G steel samples for crack resistance by impact bending tests with subsequent oscillographing showed that plasma hardening inhibits crack growth by increasing impact toughness. Thus, the use of plasma hardening is effective in surface hardening of 65G steel, in particular ploughshares which are constantly exposed to mechanical stresses, friction and wear.

стальтвердостьплазменная обработкаповерхностный слоймикротвердостьоценка трещиностойкостииспытание на ударный изгибsteelhardnessplasma treatmentsurface layermicrohardnesscrack resistance assessmentimpact bending testReferencesKossanova I.M., Kanayev A.T., Jaxymbetova M.A., Akh­medyanov A.U., Kirgizbayeva K.Zh. Effect of electrolytic-plasma surface treatment on structure, mechanical, and tribological properties of grade 1 wheel steel. Metallurgist. 2022;66(7):69–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-022-01393-0Kossanova I.M., Kanayev A.T., Jaxymbetova M.A., Akh­medyanov A.U., Kirgizbayeva K.Zh. Effect of electrolytic-plasma surface treatment on structure, mechanical, and tribological properties of grade 1 wheel steel. Metallurgist. 2022;66(7):69–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11015-022-01393-0Korotkov V.A. Influence of plasma quenching on the wear resistance of 45 and 40X steel. Russian Engineering Research. 2016;36(11):916–919. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068798X16110125Korotkov V.A. Influence of plasma quenching on the wear resistance of 45 and 40X steel. Russian Engineering Research. 2016;36(11):916–919. https://doi.org/10.3103/S1068798X16110125Kanayev A.T., Jaxymbetova М.А., Kossanova I.М. Quantitative assessment of the yield stress of ferrite-pearlitic steels by structure parameters. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2021;3(447):65–71. https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170X.64Kanayev A.T., Jaxymbetova М.А., Kossanova I.М. Quantitative assessment of the yield stress of ferrite-pearlitic steels by structure parameters. News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2021;3(447):65–71. https://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-170X.64Xiang Y., Yu D., Cao X., Liu Y., Yao J. Effects of thermal plasma surface hardening on wear and damage properties of rail steel. Journal of Engineering Tribology. 2017;232(7): 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650117729073Xiang Y., Yu D., Cao X., Liu Y., Yao J. Effects of thermal plasma surface hardening on wear and damage properties of rail steel. Journal of Engineering Tribology. 2017;232(7): 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350650117729073Jaxymbetova M., Kanayev A., Kossanova I., Mazur I., Akh­medyanov A., Kirgizbayeva K. Improvement of the mecha­nical properties of reinforcing bar steel by combined deformation-heat treatment. International Review of Mechanical Engineering. 2022;16(9):460–466. https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v16i9.21521Jaxymbetova M., Kanayev A., Kossanova I., Mazur I., Akh­medyanov A., Kirgizbayeva K. Improvement of the mecha­nical properties of reinforcing bar steel by combined deformation-heat treatment. International Review of Mechanical Engineering. 2022;16(9):460–466. https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v16i9.21521Токтарбаева Г.М., Алпысбаев С.К., Рахадилов Б.К., Сатбаева З.А., Жапарова М.С. Влияние электролитно-плазменного упрочнения поверхности на структуру и свойст­ва стали 40ХН. Вестник ВКГТУ. 2020;87(1):200–205.Toktarbayeva G.M., Аlpysbayev S.K., Rakhadilov B.K., Satbayeva Z.K., Zhaparova M.S. Effect of electrolyte-plasma surface hardening on the structure and properties of 40KhN steel. Vestnik VKGTU. 2020;87(1):200–205. (In Russ.).Petrov S.V., Saakov A.G. Technology and equipment for plasma surface hardening of heavy-duty parts. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2017;17(3)363–378. https://doi.org/10.1081/AMP-120005382Petrov S.V., Saakov A.G. Technology and equipment for plasma surface hardening of heavy-duty parts. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2017;17(3)363–378. https://doi.org/10.1081/AMP-120005382Korotkov V.A., Ananyev S.A., Shekurov A.V. Investigation of the effect of the cooling rate on the structure and mechanical properties of metal in plasma quenching. Welding International. 2014;28(2):140–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2013.796665Korotkov V.A., Ananyev S.A., Shekurov A.V. Investigation of the effect of the cooling rate on the structure and mechanical properties of metal in plasma quenching. Welding International. 2014;28(2):140–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09507116.2013.796665Q’Donnelly B.E., Reuben R.L., Baker T.N. Quantitative assessment of strengthening parameters in ferrite-pearlite steels from microstructural measurements. Metals Techno­logy. 2013;11(1):45–51. https://doi.org/10.1179/030716984803274837Q’Donnelly B.E., Reuben R.L., Baker T.N. Quantitative assessment of strengthening parameters in ferrite-pearlite steels from microstructural measurements. Metals Techno­logy. 2013;11(1):45–51. https://doi.org/10.1179/030716984803274837Ramazanova Zh.M., Kirgizbayeva K.Zh., Akhmedya­nov A.U., Jaxymbetova M.A. Influence of the process of microplasma treatment in electrolyte solutions on the oxide coating properties. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2018;9(12):709–721.Ramazanova Zh.M., Kirgizbayeva K.Zh., Akhmedya­nov A.U., Jaxymbetova M.A. Influence of the process of microplasma treatment in electrolyte solutions on the oxide coating properties. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology. 2018;9(12):709–721.Yong X., Yu D., Li Q., Huabei P., Xiuquan C., Jin Ya. Effects of thermal plasma jet heat flux characteristics on surface hardening. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2015;226(12):238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.07.022Yong X., Yu D., Li Q., Huabei P., Xiuquan C., Jin Ya. Effects of thermal plasma jet heat flux characteristics on surface hardening. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 2015;226(12):238–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.07.022Bespalova A., Lebedev V., Florenkova O., Knysh A. Increasing efficiency of plasma hardening by local cooling of surface by air with negative temperature. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2019;4(12):52–57. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.176825Bespalova A., Lebedev V., Florenkova O., Knysh A. Increasing efficiency of plasma hardening by local cooling of surface by air with negative temperature. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies. 2019;4(12):52–57. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.176825Yan M.F., Chen B.F., Li B. Microstructure and mechanical properties from an attractive combination of plasma nitriding and secondary hardening of M50 steel. Applied Surface Science. 2018;455:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.213Yan M.F., Chen B.F., Li B. Microstructure and mechanical properties from an attractive combination of plasma nitriding and secondary hardening of M50 steel. Applied Surface Science. 2018;455:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.04.213Esfandiari M., Dong H. Plasma surface engineering of precipitation hardening stainless steels. Surface Engineering. 2006;22(2):86–92. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329406X98368Esfandiari M., Dong H. Plasma surface engineering of precipitation hardening stainless steels. Surface Engineering. 2006;22(2):86–92. https://doi.org/10.1179/174329406X98368Martynov V., Brzhozovsky B., Zinina E., Yankin I., Susskiy A. Fluctuations in the process plant as a quality assessment criterion of low-temperature plasma hardening process. Procedia Engineering. 2017;176:451–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.344Martynov V., Brzhozovsky B., Zinina E., Yankin I., Susskiy A. Fluctuations in the process plant as a quality assessment criterion of low-temperature plasma hardening process. Procedia Engineering. 2017;176:451–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.344Semboshi S., Iwase A., Takasugi T. Surface hardening of age-hardenable Cu–Ti alloy by plasma carburization. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2015;283:262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.11.003Semboshi S., Iwase A., Takasugi T. Surface hardening of age-hardenable Cu–Ti alloy by plasma carburization. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2015;283:262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.11.003Lebrun J.P. Plasma-assisted processes for surface hardening of stainless steel. Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels. 2015;6(16):615–632. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096524.4.615Lebrun J.P. Plasma-assisted processes for surface hardening of stainless steel. Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels. 2015;6(16):615–632. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857096524.4.615Околович Г.А., Шарикова Т.Г., Петрова Е.В. Повышение долговечности инструмента в условиях взаимного влия­ния износа и усталости стали. Ползуновский вестник. 2015;(2):33–36.Оkolovich G.A., Sharikova T.G., Petrova E.V. Increasing durability of the tool under mutual influence of wear and fatigue of steel. Polzunovskii vestnik. 2015;(2):33–36. (In Russ.).Расщупкин В.П., Акимов В.В. Усталостная прочность и износостойкость высокомарганцовистой стали. Омский научный Вестник. 2006;35(2):78–80.Rasshupkin V.P., Akimov V.V. Fatigue strength and wear resistance of high manganese steel. Omskii nauchnyi Vestnik. 2006;35(2):78–80. (In Russ.).Mohd I., Zahari T. Surface hardening of tool steel by plasma arc with multiple passes. International Journal of Techno­logy. 2014;5(1):79–87. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v5i1.156Mohd I., Zahari T. Surface hardening of tool steel by plasma arc with multiple passes. International Journal of Techno­logy. 2014;5(1):79–87. https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v5i1.156Zhao K., Yan G., Li J., Guo W., Gu J., Li Ch. The resistance to wear and thermal cracking of laser surface engineered P20 steel. Metallic Materials. 2023;13(1):97–105. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010097Zhao K., Yan G., Li J., Guo W., Gu J., Li Ch. The resistance to wear and thermal cracking of laser surface engineered P20 steel. Metallic Materials. 2023;13(1):97–105. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13010097Medina L., Marcus V.T., Paschalidou M., Lindwall G., Rie­kehr L. Enhancing corrosion resistance, hardness, and crack resistance in magnetron sputtered high entropy CoCrFeMnNi coatings by adding carbon. Materials and Design. 2021; 205:109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109711Medina L., Marcus V.T., Paschalidou M., Lindwall G., Rie­kehr L. Enhancing corrosion resistance, hardness, and crack resistance in magnetron sputtered high entropy CoCrFeMnNi coatings by adding carbon. Materials and Design. 2021; 205:109–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109711

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.