blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2023-4-445-458blackmet-2584Research ArticleФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВPHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSESКарбиды некоторых переходных металлов: свойства, области применения и методы получения. Часть 2. Карбиды хрома и цирконияCarbides of transition metals: Properties, application and production. Review. Part 2. Chromium and zirconium carbideshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2524-4143КрутскийЮ. Л.KrutskiiYu. L.

Юрий Леонидович Крутский, к.т.н, доцент кафедры химии и химической технологии

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Yurii L. Krutskii, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof.  of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”

20 K. Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

krutskii@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4724-3371ГудымаТ. С.GudymaT. S.

Татьяна Сергеевна Гудыма, аспирант кафедры химии и химичес­кой технологии

Россия, 630073, Новосибирск, пр. Карла Маркса, 20

Tat’yana S. Gudyma, Postgraduate of the Chair “Chemistry and Chemical Technology”

20 K. Marksa Ave., Novosibirsk 630073, Russian Federation

gudymatan@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8003-4523КрутскаяТ. М.KrutskayaT. M.

Татьяна Михайловна Крутская, к.х.н., доцент кафедры физики и химии

Россия, 630008, Новосибирск, ул. Ленинградская, 113

Tat’yana M. Krutskaya, Cand. Sci. (Chem.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Physics and Chemistry

113 Leningradskaya Str., Novosibirsk 630008, Russian Federation

t.krutskaya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0172-3732СеменовА. О.SemenovА. О.

Андрей Олегович Семенов, старший преподаватель отделения ядерного топливного цикла Инженерной школы ядерных технологий

Россия, 634050, Томск, пр. Ленина 30

Andrei O. Semenov, Senior Lecturer of Division of Nuclear Fuel Cycle of School of Nuclear Science and Engineering

30 Lenina Str., Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation

semenov_ao@tpu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2709-322XУткинА. В.UtkinA. V.

Алексей Владимирович Уткин, к.х.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории химического материаловедения

Россия, 630090, Новосибирск, ул. Кутателадзе 18

Aleksei V. Utkin, Cand. Sci. (Chem.)., Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Chemical Materials Science

18 Kutate­ladze Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation

utkin@solid.nsc.ruНовосибирский государственный технический университетРоссияNovosibirsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationНовосибирский государственный архитектурно-строительный университетРоссияNovosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil EngineeringRussian FederationНациональный исследовательский Томский политехнический университетРоссияNational Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationИнститут химии твердого тела и механохимии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наукРоссияInstitute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202319082023664445458Copyright © Крутский Ю.Л., Гудыма Т.С., Крутская Т.М., Семенов А.О., Уткин А.В., 20232023Крутский Ю.Л., Гудыма Т.С., Крутская Т.М., Семенов А.О., Уткин А.В.Krutskii Y.L., Gudyma T.S., Krutskaya T.M., Semenov А.О., Utkin A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2584

Рассмотрены свойства, области применения и методы получения карбидов хрома и циркония, относящихся к бескислородным тугоплавким металлоподобным соединениям с высокими тепло- и электропроводностью. Твердость их сравнительно велика. Карбиды хрома и циркония проявляют значительную химическую стойкость в агрессивных средах, что способствует их широкому применению в современной технике. Карбид хрома используется преимущественно в виде компонентов наплавочных смесей для создания покрытий, защищающих от интенсивного абразивного износа, в том числе и при повышенных температурах (до 800 °С) в окислительных средах. Это соединение применяется при изготовлении безвольфрамовых твердых сплавов и карбидосталей. Карбид хрома наряду с карбидом ванадия используется как ингибитор роста зерен в системе WС – Co твердых сплавов. Порошкообразный карбид циркония может использоваться для полирования поверхности изделий из черных и цветных металлов. Свойства тугоплавких соединений зависят от содержания примесей и дисперсности (размеров частиц). Для решения конкретной задачи, связанной с применением тугоплавких соединений, важно правильно выбрать метод их получения и определить допустимое содержание примесей в исходных компонентах. Это обусловливает применение разных методов синтеза карбидов. Основными методами их получения являются синтез из простых веществ (металлы и углерод), металлотермическое и карботермическое восстановление. Для получения нанопорошков карбидов применяется плазмохимический синтез (осаждение из парогазовой фазы). Представлена характеристика каждого из этих методов. Приведены сведения о возможном механизме процессов карботермического синтеза.

The properties, application, and methods for producing chromium and zirconium carbides are considered. These carbides are oxygen-free refractory metal-like compounds. As a result, they are characterized by high values of thermal and electrical conductivity. Their hardness is relatively high. Chromium and zirconium carbides exhibit significant chemical resistance in aggressive environments. For these reasons, they have found application in modern technology. Chromium carbide is used mainly as component of surfacing mixtures to create protective coatings that resist intensive abrasive wear, including at elevated temperatures (up to 800 °C) in oxidizing environments. This compound is also used in the manufacture of tungsten-free hard alloys and carbide steels. Chromium carbide, along with vanadium carbide, is used as a grain growth inhibitor in WC – Co hard alloys. Powdered zirconium carbide can be used to polish the surface of items made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The properties of refractory compounds depend on the content of impurities and dispersion (particle size). To solve a specific problem associated with the use of refractory compounds, it is important to choose the right method for their preparation, to determine the permissible content of impurities in the initial components. This leads to the existence of different methods for the synthesis of carbides. The main methods for their preparation are: synthesis from simple substances (metals and carbon), metallothermal and carbothermal reduction. Plasma-chemical synthesis (vapor-gas phase deposition) is also used to obtain carbide nanopowders. A characteristic is given to each of these methods. Information on the possible mechanism of the processes of carbothermal synthesis is presented.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.