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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-3-356-366</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2560</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТАЛИ ОСОБОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUPERDUTY STEEL</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структура и свойства сталей для конструкции устройства локализации расплава атомных реакторов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structure and properties of steels for manufacture of core catcher vessel of nuclear reactor</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никулин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikulin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Анатольевич Никулин, д.т.н, профессор, заведующий кафедрой металловедения и физики прочности</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei A. Nikulin, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Head of the Chair “Metallography and Physics of Strength”</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikulin@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7769-7748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогачев</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogachev</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Станислав Олегович Рогачев, к.т.н., доцент кафедры металловедения и физики прочности, Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»; научный сотрудник, Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p><p>Россия, 119991, Москва, Ленинский пр., 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stanislav O. Rogachev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Me­tallography and Physics of Strength”, National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”; Research Associate, Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p><p>49 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119991, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">csaap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владислав Алексеевич Белов, к.т.н., доцент кафедры металловедения и физики прочности</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav A. Belov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Metallography and Physics of Strength”</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vbelov@ymail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шплис</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shplis</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Николай Валерьевич Шплис, инженер</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai V. Shplis, Engineer</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shplisnikolay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комиссаров</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komissarov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Комиссаров, к.т.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией «Гибридные наноструктурные материалы»</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Komissarov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof., Head of the Laboratory “Hybrid Nanostructured Materials”</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komissarov@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Турилина</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Turilina</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вероника Юрьевна Турилина, к.т.н., доцент кафедры металловедения и физики прочности</p><p>Россия, 119049, Москва, Ленинский пр., 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veronika Yu. Turilina, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Metallography and Physics of Strength”</p><p>4 Leninskii Ave., Moscow 119049, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">veronikat77@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Анатольевич Николаев, д.т.н., ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Россия, 123182, Москва, пл. Академика Курчатова, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii A. Nikolaev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Leading Researcher</p><p>1 Akademika Kurchatova Sqr., Moscow 123182, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Nikolaev_YA@nrcki.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»; Институт металлургии и материаловедения им. А.А. Байкова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”; Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НИЦ «Курчатовский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute"</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>356</fpage><lpage>366</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никулин С.А., Рогачев С.О., Белов В.А., Шплис Н.В., Комиссаров А.А., Турилина В.Ю., Николаев Ю.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никулин С.А., Рогачев С.О., Белов В.А., Шплис Н.В., Комиссаров А.А., Турилина В.Ю., Николаев Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikulin S.A., Rogachev S.O., Belov V.A., Shplis N.V., Komissarov A.A., Turilina V.Y., Nikolaev Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2560">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2560</self-uri><abstract><p>В российских атомных реакторах нового поколения предусмотрено специальное устройство локализации расплава (кориума), предназначенное для минимизации последствий тяжелой запроектной аварии на атомной электростанции с разрушением корпуса реактора и расплавлением активной зоны. Для изготовления конструктивных элементов устройства локализации расплава используются низкоуглеродистые нелегированные и низколегированные стали. При развитии тяжелой запроектной аварии корпус устройства локализации расплава подвергается экстремальным температурно-силовым нагрузкам, что может привести к деградации структуры, потере прочности и разрушению всей конструкции. Для расчета характеристик прочности конструкции устройства локализации расплава, обеспечивающих его безопасную и надежную работу, необходимы детальные данные о структуре и механических свойствах низкоуглеродистых сталей при высоких температурах и после экстремальных термических воздействий, имитирующих условия развития тяжелой запроектной аварии. В статье анализируются данные по структуре и механическим свойствам (статическому растяжению, трещиностойкости, ударной вязкости и циклической прочности) ряда низкоуглеродистых сталей при экстремальных температурно-силовых воздействиях. В том числе рассматриваются условия, имитирующие развитие тяжелой запроектной аварии на атомной электростанции с целью определения материала для конструкции устройства локализации расплава атомных реакторов. Представлены новые данные по структуре, механическим свойствам и температуропроводности в широком диапазоне температур стали 15ХМ, как конструкционного материала для изготовления корпуса устройства локализации расплава. Пониженное содержание марганца, легирование молибденом и ванадием стали 15ХМ обеспечивают более мелкозернистую структуру и устраняют склонность стали к отпускной хрупкости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Russian new nuclear reactors are provided with a special core catcher vessel device (cc-vessel) designed to minimize the consequences of a severe beyond design basis accident at a nuclear power plant, when the reactor pressure vessel collapses and the core melts. For manufacture of the cc-vessel structural elements, low-carbon unalloyed or low-alloyed steels are used. When a severe beyond design basis accident develops, the cc-vessel’s body is subjected to extreme temperature and force loads, which can lead to degradation of the structure, loss of strength and failure of the entire cc-vessel. To calculate the strength characteristics of the cc-vessel, which ensure its safe and reliable operation, the detailed data are required on the structure and mechanical properties of low-carbon steels at high temperatures and after extreme thermal actions simulating the development of a severe beyond design basis accident. The paper analyzes data on the structure and mechanical properties (tensile strength, crack resistance, toughness and cyclic strength) of a number of low-carbon steels under extreme temperature and force actions, including conditions simulating the development of a severe beyond design basis accident at a nuclear power plant, in order to select the material for the design of cc-vessel of nuclear reactor. New data on the structure, mechanical properties, and thermal diffusivity in a wide temperature range of a Cr – Mo steel (Russian Standard – 15KhM) as a candidate structural material for the manufacture of the cc-vessel body are presented. The low content of manganese and alloying with molybdenum and vanadium in 15KhM steel provides a finer grained structure and eliminates the steel’s tendency to temper brittleness.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>низкоуглеродистая сталь</kwd><kwd>устройство локализации расплава</kwd><kwd>прочность</kwd><kwd>ударная вязкость</kwd><kwd>температуропроводность</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>аустенит</kwd><kwd>высокотемпературное воздействие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>low carbon steel</kwd><kwd>core catcher vessel</kwd><kwd>strength</kwd><kwd>impact strength</kwd><kwd>thermal diffusivity</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>austenite</kwd><kwd>high temperature exposure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование структуры выполнено с использованием оборудования ЦКП «Материаловедение и металлургия» при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (соглашение № 075-15-2021-696). Благодарим инженера А.А. Токаря, аспиранта Д.В. Тена и магистра Ф.А. Саленкова за помощь в подготовке образцов и проведении испытаний.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The structure was studied using the equipment of the Center for Collective Use “Materials Science and Metallurgy” with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 075-15-2021-696). The authors express their gratitude to engineer A.A. Tokar’, postgraduate D.V. Ten and master student F.A. Salenkov for their help in sample preparation and testing.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонов Н.В., Сидоров А.С. Обоснование ядерной безопасности устройства локализации расплава для АЭС с реакторами типа ВВЭР. Известия вузов. 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