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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-3-294-301</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2551</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Структурообразование сплава Нп-30ХГСА при аддитивном электродуговом выращивании</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Structure formation of Np-30KhGSA alloy in wire and arc additive manufacturing</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Максим Сергеевич Аносов, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Технология и оборудование машиностроения»</p><p>Россия, 603022, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim S. Anosov, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Techno­logy and Equipment Engineering”</p><p>24 Minina Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anosov-maksim@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шатагин</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatagin</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Александрович Шатагин, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Технология и оборудование машиностроения»</p><p>Россия, 603022, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitrii A. Shatagin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Techno­logy and Equipment Engineering”</p><p>24 Minina Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitsanych@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернигин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernigin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Алексеевич Чернигин, инженер</p><p>Россия, 603022, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail A. Chernigin, Engineer</p><p>24 Minina Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dmitsanych@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мордовина</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mordovina</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Сергеевна Мордовина, инженер по учебному процессу</p><p>Россия, 603022, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya S. Mordovina, Academic Activity Engineer</p><p>24 Minina Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ips4@nntu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аносова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anosova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Сергеевна Аносова, ассистент</p><p>Россия, 603022, Нижний Новгород, ул. Минина, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina S. Anosova, Assistant</p><p>24 Minina Str., Nizhny Novgorod 603022, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">katena.zav@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>R.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>294</fpage><lpage>301</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Аносов М.С., Шатагин Д.А., Чернигин М.А., Мордовина Ю.С., Аносова Е.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аносов М.С., Шатагин Д.А., Чернигин М.А., Мордовина Ю.С., Аносова Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anosov M.S., Shatagin D.A., Chernigin M.A., Mordovina Y.S., Anosova E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2551">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2551</self-uri><abstract><p>Использование 3D-печати изделий из металлических материалов является современной перспективной технологией, способствующей повышению производственной эффективности. Однако применение данной технологии сопряжено с рядом проблем, например, с повышенной микроструктурной неоднородностью и дефектностью металла. В связи с этим требуется проведение исследований, направленных на выявление таких режимов 3D-печати, которые бы обеспечили получение наиболее однородной, стабильной и бездефектной структуры. В работе изучено структурообразование стали марки 30ХГСА в процессе аддитивной электродуговой наплавки при различных режимах печати. Для оценки качества полученных заготовок применялись микроструктурный и фрактальный анализы, а также измерение микротвердости. При всех режимах наплавки выявлена значительная структурная неоднородность наплавленной заготовки, которая объясняется термическим воздействием наплавляемого слоя на уже закристаллизовавшийся металл. Тем не менее, установлен режим, который дает наиболее благоприятную микроструктуру с точки зрения ее однородности и равноосности зерен. При увеличении значений погонной энергии процесса аддитивного электродугового выращивания наблюдается увеличение производительности процесса и фиксируется уменьшение количества пор в материале. Однако при значениях погонной энергии процесса наплавки свыше 1000 Дж/мм увеличивается структурная неоднородность материала и значительно снижается его микротвердость. Исходя из проведенных исследований, в качестве режима 3D-печати электродуговой наплавкой для сплава Нп-30ХГСА может быть выбран режим с погонной энергией порядка 920 Дж/мм. Он обеспечивает наименьшую структурную неоднородность и достаточно высокую производительность процесса выращивания с отсутствием дефектов в виде пор и элементов нерасплавившейся проволоки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The use of metallic products 3D-printing is a modern, promising technology that improves production efficiency. However, using this technology is associated with a number of problems, for example, with increased microstructural heterogeneity and defects in metal. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out researches to identify 3D-printing modes ensuring the most homogeneous, stable and non-defect structure. In this work, a study was made of the process of structure formation of 30KhGSA steel in the process of Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) under various printing modes. Microstructural analysis, microhardness measurement and fractal analysis were used for assessment of the obtained billets. In all surfacing modes, a significant structural inhomogeneity of the deposited billet was revealed, which is explained by the thermal effect of the deposited layer on the already crystallized metal. Nevertheless, we found the mode that gives the most favorable microstructure in terms of its uniformity and equiaxed grains. With an increase in WAAM heat input values, an increase in the productivity of the process is observed and a decrease in the number of pores in the material is recorded. However, when the heat input of the surfacing process exceeds 1000 J/mm, the structural inhomogeneity of the material increases and its microhardness significantly decreases. Based on the studies, as a WAAM 3D-printing mode for Np-30KhGSA alloy, a mode with a heat input of about 920 J/mm can be chosen, which provides the lowest structural inhomogeneity and a sufficiently high productivity of the growth process with the absence of defects in the form of pores and elements of not melted wire.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электродуговая наплавка</kwd><kwd>погонная энергия наплавки</kwd><kwd>термический цикл</kwd><kwd>микроструктура</kwd><kwd>микротвердость</kwd><kwd>фрактальный анализ</kwd><kwd>30ХГСА</kwd><kwd>WAAM</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric arc surfacing</kwd><kwd>surfacing heat input</kwd><kwd>thermal cycle</kwd><kwd>microstructure</kwd><kwd>30KhGSA</kwd><kwd>WAAM</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-79-00095 «Разработка научно-технологических основ структурообразования конструкционных материалов, полученных путем аддитивного электродугового выращивания для формирования механических свойств при усталости с использованием подходов искусственного интеллекта».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 22-79-00095 “Development of scientific and technological foundations for the structure formation of structural materials obtained by wire arc additive manufacturing for the formation of mechanical properties under fatigue using artificial intelligence approaches”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jackson M.A., Van Asten A., Morrow J.D., Min S., Pfefferkorn F.E. 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