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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-2-222-228</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2518</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИННОВАЦИИ В МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОМ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОМ И ЛАБОРАТОРНОМ ОБОРУДОВАНИИ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯХ И МАТЕРИАЛАХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INNOVATIONS IN METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIAL AND LABORATORY EQUIPMENT, TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ природы происхождения характерных дефектов мелющих шаров из отбраковки непрерывнолитых заготовок рельсовой стали</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Occurrence of characteristic defects of grinding balls from rejects of continuously cast billets of rail steel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-9006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уманский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umanskii</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Александрович Уманский, д.т.н., доцент кафедры металлургии черных металлов</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr A. Umanskii, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">umanskii@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван Сергеевич Морозов, соискатель степени к.т.н. кафедры металлургии черных металлов</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan S. Morozov, Candidates for a Degree of Сand. Sci. (Eng.) of the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ismorozov23@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-2168</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Протопопов</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Protopopov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Валентинович Протопопов, д.т.н., профессор, профессор кафедры металлургии черных металлов</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenii V. Protopopov, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof. of the Chair of Ferrous Me­tallurgy</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">protopopov@sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9712-3757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симачев</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simachev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Артем Сергеевич Симачев, к.т.н., доцент кафедры «Обработка металлов давлением и металловедение. ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК»</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem S. Simachev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Metal Forming and Metal Science. “EVRAZ ZSMK”</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simachev_as@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Думова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dumova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Любовь Валерьевна Думова, соискатель степени к.т.н. кафедры металлургии черных металлов</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyubov’ V. Dumova, Candidates for a Degree of Сand. Sci. (Eng.) of the Chair of Ferrous Metallurgy</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">doumova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>222</fpage><lpage>228</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Уманский А.А., Морозов И.С., Протопопов Е.В., Симачев А.С., Думова Л.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Уманский А.А., Морозов И.С., Протопопов Е.В., Симачев А.С., Думова Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Umanskii A.A., Morozov I.S., Protopopov E.V., Simachev A.S., Dumova L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2518">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2518</self-uri><abstract><p>На основании металлографических исследований определены характерные дефекты мелющих шаров, прокатанных из отбраковки непрерывнолитых заготовок рельсовой стали марки К76Ф. Установлена взаимосвязь наличия внутренних дефектов шаров с их ударной стойкостью. Наибольшее влияние на снижение ударной стойкости шаров оказывают дефекты в виде внутренних трещин со скоплениями неметаллических включений в области их локализации и флокены. Такие дефекты являются причиной разрушения шаров при испытаниях на ударную стойкость в 62 и 17 % случаев соответственно. Влияние внутренних трещин без значительных скоплений неметаллических включений и закалочных микротрещин, расположенных по границам раздела фаз, оценивается на уровне 12 и 9 %. Установлены закономерности и механизм влияния химического состава отбраковки заготовок рельсовой стали К76Ф на вероятность разрушения производимых из них шаров при испытаниях на ударную стойкость. Увеличение содержания серы в заготовках рассматриваемой рельсовой стали снижает ударную стойкость производимых из них шаров, так как способствует образованию непластичных сульфидов, которые концентрируются в области расположения внутренних трещин. Повышение содержания водорода в рельсовой стали закономерно способствует увеличению вероятности образованию флокенов, которые значительно уменьшают устойчивость шаров к ударным нагрузкам. Увеличение концентрации углерода в исходных заготовках влияет на повышение вероятности разрушения шаров из стали К76Ф при копровых испытаниях, что объясняется образованием карбидов цементитного типа при достижении содержания углерода, соответствующего заэвтектоидной стали. В целом относительная степень влияния химического состава рельсовой стали марки К76Ф на ударную стойкость мелющих шаров составляет 48 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On the basis of metallographic studies, the authors determined the characteristic defects of grinding balls rolled from the rejects of continuously cast billets of K76F rail steel. Relationship of the presence of internal defects of the balls with their impact resistance was established. Defects in the form of internal cracks with accumulations of non-metallic inclusions in the area of their localization and flocks have the greatest impact on the reduction of balls impact resistance. Such defects are the cause of balls destruction during impact resistance tests in 62 and 17 % of cases, respectively. The effect of internal cracks without significant accumulations of non-metallic inclusions and quenching microcracks located along the boundaries of the phase interface was estimated at 12 and 9 %. The regularities and mechanism of influence of the rejects chemical composition of K76F rail steel billets on the probability of destruction of the balls produced from them during impact resistance tests were established. An increase in sulfur content in the billets of the studied rail steel reduces impact resistance of the balls produced from them, as it contributes to formation of non-plastic sulfides that concentrate in the area of internal cracks. An increase in hydrogen content in rail steel naturally contributes to an increase in probability of formation of the flocks, which significantly reduce the balls stability to shock loads. An increase in carbon content in the initial billets affects the increase in probability of destruction of K76F steel balls during copra tests. It is explained by formation of cementite-type carbides when carbon content corresponding to the eutectoid steel is reached. In general, the relative degree of influence of the K76F rail steel chemical composition on impact resistance of grinding balls is 48 %.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>внутренние дефекты</kwd><kwd>макроструктура</kwd><kwd>мелющие шары</kwd><kwd>ударная стойкость</kwd><kwd>рельсовая сталь</kwd><kwd>непрерывнолитые заготовки</kwd><kwd>металлографические исследования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>internal defects</kwd><kwd>macrostructure</kwd><kwd>grinding balls</kwd><kwd>impact resistance</kwd><kwd>rail steel</kwd><kwd>continuously cast billets</kwd><kwd>metallographic studies</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда, проект № 22-29-20170 и гранта Кемеровской области – Кузбасса.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported the Russian Science Foundation (grant No. 22-29-20170) and the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рахутин М.Г., Бойко П.Ф. 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