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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-2-215-221</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2517</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BASICS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Гидрометаллургическое рафинирование металлургического кремния</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Hydrometallurgical refining of metallurgical silicon</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9895-1709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Немчинова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nemchinova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нина Владимировна Немчинова, д.т.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой металлургии цветных металлов</p><p>Россия, 664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nina V. Nemchinova, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Head of the Chair “Non-Ferrous Metallurgy”</p><p>83 Lermontova Str., Irkutsk 664074, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ninavn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-2680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тютрин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyutrin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Александрович Тютрин, к.т.н., доцент кафедры металлургии цветных металлов</p><p>Россия, 664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei A. Tyutrin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair “Non-Ferrous Metallurgy”</p><p>83 Lermontova Str., Irkutsk 664074, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">an.tu@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайцева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaitseva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Александровна Зайцева, аспирант, ассистент кафедры металлургии цветных металлов</p><p>Россия, 664074, Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Zaitseva, Postgraduate, Assistant of the Chair “Non-Ferrous Metallurgy”</p><p>83 Lermontova Str., Irkutsk 664074, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vo1odkinaa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk National Research Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>215</fpage><lpage>221</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Немчинова Н.В., Тютрин А.А., Зайцева А.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Немчинова Н.В., Тютрин А.А., Зайцева А.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nemchinova N.V., Tyutrin A.A., Zaitseva A.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2517">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2517</self-uri><abstract><p>Приведены результаты рафинирования кремния металлургических марок на основе выщелачивания примесей неорганическими кислотами. Образцы кремния как объекты исследований изучаются металлографическим, рентгенофлюоресцентным методами, а также рентгеноспектральным микроанализом. Для повышения качества кремния были проведены экспериментальные работы по его гидрометаллургической очистке растворами различных кислот (10 %-ными H2SO4 , HCl, HNO3 ; 4 %-ной HF) и их смесями. Рассчитаны изменения энергии Гиббса для реакций взаимодействия с реагентами основных примесных включений, зафиксированных в исследуемых образцах кремния (FeSi2 , Fe2Si, FeSi, AlFeSi, AlFeSi2 , Al3FeSi2 , FeSi2Ti, FeAlTiSi, TiSi2 , Ca2Si). Эксперименты проводились на пробах кремния крупностью частиц –200 мкм при постоянном перемешивании магнитной мешалкой при температуре 60 °С, продолжительности 1 ч и соотношении Ж:Т = 5:1. Определение концентрации примесных элементов в растворе после выщелачивания проводили атомно-эмиссионным методом. Установлено, что при использовании в качестве растворителя плавиковой кислоты получены наилучшие результаты по очистке от железа, алюминия, титана (концентрация в растворе 2380, 831, 145 мг/дм3 ). Максимальная концентрация кальция в растворе (147 мг/дм3 ) достигается при солянокислой обработке мелкофракционного кремния. Наиболее эффективной для перевода примесей в раствор является смесь серной и плавиковой кислот при их соотношении 1:1. Использование в качестве растворителя смеси H2SO4 и HCl (при соотношении 1:3) позволяет достигать достаточно высоких массовых концентраций примесных элементов в растворе выщелачивания. Степень очистки кремния от железа составляет 33,32 %, алюминия – 54,64 %, кальция – 65,77 %, титана – 15,64 %.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents the results of refining silicon of metallurgical grades based on leaching of impurities with inorganic acids. Silicon samples were studied by metallographic and X-ray fluorescent methods of analysis, as well as X-ray spectral microanalysis. To improve the quality of this alloying element, we carried out experimental work on its hydrometallurgical purification with solutions of various acids (10 % H2SO4 , HCl, HNO3 , 4 % HF) and their mixtures. Values of changes in the Gibbs energy were calculated for reactions of interaction with reagents of the main impurity inclusions recorded in the studied silicon samples (FeSi2 , Fe2Si, FeSi, AlFeSi, AlFeSi2 , Al3FeSi2 , FeSi2Ti, FeAlTiSi, TiSi2 , Ca2Si). The experiments were carried out on silicon samples with a particle size of –200 μm with constant stirring by a magnetic stirrer at a temperature of 60 °С, duration 1 h and L:S = 5:1. Determination of concentration of the impurity elements in the solution after leaching was made by the atomic emission method of analysis. When hydrofluoric acid is used as a solvent, the best results are obtained for purification of iron, aluminum, and titanium (concentration in solution, mg/dm3, respectively: 2380, 831, 145). The maximum concentration of calcium in the solution (147 mg/dm3 ) was achieved by hydrochloric acid treatment of fine silicon. The most effective for transferring impurities into solution is a mixture of sulfuric and hydrofluoric acids at a ratio of 1:1. Using a mixture of H2SO4 and HCl as a solvent (at a ratio of 1:3) made it possible to achieve sufficiently high mass concentrations of impurity elements in the leaching solution. The degree of silicon purification from iron was 33.32 %, aluminum – 54.64 %, calcium – 65.77 %, titanium – 15.64 %.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>технический (металлургический) кремний</kwd><kwd>примеси</kwd><kwd>гидрометаллургическое рафинирование</kwd><kwd>изменение энергии Гиббса</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>technical (metallurgical) silicon</kwd><kwd>impurities</kwd><kwd>hydrometallurgical refining</kwd><kwd>Gibbs energy change</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jorn P. Silicon in the 2020s. In: Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry XV. Proceeding of the Int. Conf. June 15 – 18. Norway, Trondheim, 2020:57–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jorn P. Silicon in the 2020s. In: Silicon for the Chemical and Solar Industry XV. Proceeding of the Int. Conf. June 15 – 18. 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