blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2023-2-162-167blackmet-2506Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕMATERIAL SCIENCEИсследование механических и акустических свойств деформируемых сплавовMechanical and acoustic properties of deformable alloyshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5010-9969БаранниковаС. А.BarannikovaS. A.

Светлана Александровна Баранникова, д.ф.-м.н., ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории физики прочности

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Svetlana A. Barannikova, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Leading Researcher of the Laboratory of Strength Physics

2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

bsa@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-7653НадежкинМ. В.NadezhkinM. V.

Михаил Владимирович Надежкин, к.т.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории физики прочности

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Mikhail V. Nadezhkin, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Strength Physics

2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

mvn@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8256-283XИсхаковаП. В.IskhakovaP. V.

Полина Валентиновна Исхакова, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики прочности

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Polina V. Iskhakova, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Strength Physics

2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

iskhakova.polina@gmail.comИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202306062023662162167Copyright © Баранникова С.А., Надежкин М.В., Исхакова П.В., 20232023Баранникова С.А., Надежкин М.В., Исхакова П.В.Barannikova S.A., Nadezhkin M.V., Iskhakova P.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2506

В работе исследованы зависимости между скоростью распространения ультразвука и механическими характеристиками в процессе одноосного растяжения аустенитной нержавеющей стали марки 12Х18Н10Т, обладающей уникальным комплексом физико-механических свойств, включая высокие показатели прочности, пластичности, ударной вязкости и хладостойкости. Данный комплекс физико-механических свойств обеспечивается благодаря действию различных механизмов пластической деформации (дислокационное скольжение/двойникование, образование дефектов упаковки, мартенситное превращение). Следует отметить, что оценка изменения механических характеристик металлов (особенно при низких температурах) является весьма трудоемкой задачей и требует применения неразрушающих методов контроля. Экспериментальные результаты были получены с помощью стенда, предназначенного для синхронизированного с записью диаграммы напряжение – деформация определения скорости распространения ультразвука и коэффициента затухания ультразвуковой волны как функций деформации. Процедура измерения скорости распространения ультразвука заключается в фиксировании времени прохождения ультразвукового рэлеевского импульса между передающим и приемным преобразователями. Затухание ультразвуковой волны вычисляется по изменению формы этого импульса. Импульсы возбуждаются пьезоэлектрическим преобразователем на частоте 5 МГц. Исследовано изменение акустических характеристик в условиях статического нагружения и рассчитаны критические параметры перехода материала в деструктивное состояние. Скорость распространения рэлеевских ультразвуковых волн непосредственно в ходе нагружения материала является информативным признаком для анализа природы процессов, контролирующих пластичность. Обнаружено влияние температуры испытаний на акустические и механические характеристики стали. Исследуемый температурный интервал 180 К ≤ T ≤ 318 К выбран с учетом возможности реализации в стали прямого γ → α′ мартенситного превращения при растяжении.

The paper is devoted to correlation dependences of ultrasound velocity with characteristics of strength and plasticity in uniaxial tension of Fe18Cr10Ni austenitic stainless steel with a unique set of physical and mechanical properties. Such a successful set of mechanical properties is provided by dislocation slip and twinning, the formation of stacking faults, and martensitic transformation. It should be noted that the assessment of changes in the mechanical characteristics of metals (especially at low temperatures) is a very laborious task and requires the use of non-destructive control methods. Experimental data was obtained using a bench designed to synchronize with recording of the “stress – strain” diagram for determining the values of ultrasound velocity propagation and the attenuation coefficient of the ultrasonic wave as a function of deformation. Measurement of ultrasound velocity propagation was reduced to determining the time of passage of an ultrasonic Rayleigh pulse between transmitting and receiving transducers. Attenuation was determined from the change in pulse shape. The pulses were excited by a piezoelectric transducer at a frequency of 5 MHz. The authors experimentally studied static loading effect on acoustic characteristics and calculated the destruction parameters. The propagation ultrasound velocity in deformable material is an informative feature for analyzing the nature of the processes that control plasticity. The effect of test temperature in the range 180 K ≤ T ≤ 320 K on acoustic and mechanical characteristics of the steel was studied to ensure control of its structural state and mechanical properties by means of non-destructive testing. The temperature range was chosen taking into account the possibility of direct γ → α′ martensitic transformation.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.