<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-2-154-161</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2505</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Развитие сдвиговой деформации в пакетном мартенсите среднелегированных сталей при растяжении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of shear deformation in lath martensite of medium alloy steels under tension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-7379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Теплякова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Teplyakova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Людмила Алексеевна Теплякова, д.ф-м.н., профессор кафедры физики</p><p>Россия, 634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila A. Teplyakova, Dr. Sci. (Phys.–Math.), Prof. of the Chair of Physics</p><p>2 Solyanaya Sqr., Tomsk 634003, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lat168@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашин</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashin</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Даниилович Кашин, аспирант</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академи­ческий, 2/4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr D. Kashin, Postgraduate</p><p>2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kash@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-4909</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куницына</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kunitsyna</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Семеновна Куницына, к.ф.-м.н., доцент кафедры высшей математики</p><p>Россия, 634003, Томск, пл. Соляная, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tat’yana S. Kunitsyna, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Advanced Mathematics</p><p>2 Solyanaya Sqr., Tomsk 634003, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kma11061990@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Томский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского Отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>154</fpage><lpage>161</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Теплякова Л.А., Кашин А.Д., Куницына Т.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Теплякова Л.А., Кашин А.Д., Куницына Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Teplyakova L.A., Kashin A.D., Kunitsyna T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2505">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2505</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучена эволюция сдвиговой деформации в стали со структурой отпущенного мартенсита при активном растяжении. Цель работы – выявление закономерностей развития деформации на масштабно-структурных уровнях: пакет, пластина, фрагмент пакета и рейка. Исследуется деформационный рельеф, формирующийся на разных стадиях пластической деформации. Методы исследования: оптическая, просвечивающая и сканирующая электронная микроскопия. Измерены количественные характеристики деформационного рельефа: мощность сдвига (Р), расстояние (Х) между следами сдвига и их длина. Проведена статистическая обработка, получены средние значения характеристик и установлена их связь со степенью пластической деформации. Развитие сдвиговой деформации в пакетной составляющей мартенсита происходит с образованием двух подсистем следов сдвига: тонкие и грубые. Подсистемы тонких следов формируются с самого начала пластической деформации. Появление и эволюция подсистемы грубых следов коррелирует с образованием в образце первой (длинной) шейки, то есть является основным механизмом, приводящим к локализации пластической деформации в масштабах образца. Местами локализации грубого сдвига являются приграничные области реек и фрагментов пакета. Выявлена связь между локализацией подсистем грубых следов сдвига и формированием фрагментированной дислокационной структуры. Величины средней мощности сдвига в тонких &lt;Pf&gt; и грубых &lt;Ps&gt; следах не зависят от степени локальной пластической деформации образца во всем интервале степеней деформации и остаются постоянными вплоть до разрушения (&lt;Pf&gt; = 0,1 мкм и &lt;Ps&gt; = 0,3 мкм).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Evolution of shear deformation in steel with the structure of tempered martensite was studied under active tension. Purpose of the work was to identify the patterns of deformation development at the scale-structural levels: lath, plate, fragment of a package and a lath. The authors investigated the deformation relief formed at different stages of plastic deformation by optical, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative characteristics of the deformation relief were measured: shear strength (P), distance (X) between the shear traces and their length. Statistical processing was carried out, the average values and relationship with the degree of plastic deformation were determined. It was established that development of shear deformation in the lath component of martensite occurs with the formation of two subsystems of shear traces: thin and coarse. Subsystems of thin traces are formed from the very beginning of plastic deformation. Appearance and evolution of the subsystem of coarse traces correlates with formation of the first (long) neck in the sample, and it is the main mechanism leading to the localization of plastic deformation on the sample scale. The places of localization of rough shift are the border areas of the laths and fragments of the package. Connection between localization of subsystems of coarse shear traces and formation of a fragmented dislocation structure were revealed. The values of the average shear power in thin &lt;Pf&gt; and coarse &lt;Ps&gt; traces do not depend on the degree of local plastic deformation of the sample in the entire range of deformation degrees and remain constant until destruction (&lt;Pf&gt; = 0.1 μm and &lt;Ps&gt; = 0.3 μm).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мартенсит</kwd><kwd>деформационный рельеф</kwd><kwd>структура следов сдвига</kwd><kwd>мощность сдвига</kwd><kwd>относительный сдвиг</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>martensite</kwd><kwd>deformation relief</kwd><kwd>structure of shear traces</kwd><kwd>shear strength</kwd><kwd>relative shear</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (тема № FEMN-2020-0004).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme No. FEMN-2020-0004).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов Ю.Ф., Громов В.Е., Попова Н.А., Коновалов С.В., Конева Н.А. Структурно-фазовые состояния и механизмы упрочнения деформированной стали. Новокузнецк: Полиграфист; 2016;510.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov Yu.F., Gromov V.E., Popova N.A., Konovalov S.V., Koneva N.A. Structural-Phase States and Mechanisms of Hardening of Deformed Steel. Novokuznetsk: Poligrafist; 2016:510. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harjo S., Kawasaki T., Tomota Y., Gong W., Aizawa K., Tichy G., Shi Z., Ungár T. Work hardening, dislocation structure, and load partitioning in lath martensite determined by in situ neutron diffraction line profile analysis. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2017;48(9):4080–4092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4172-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harjo S., Kawasaki T., Tomota Y., Gong W., Aizawa K., Tichy G., Shi Z., Ungár T. Work hardening, dislocation structure, and load partitioning in lath martensite determined by in situ neutron diffraction line profile analysis. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 2017;48(9):4080–4092. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4172-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kwak K., Mayama T., Mine Y., Takashima K. Anisotropy of strength and plasticity in lath martensite steel. Materials Scien­ce and Engineering: A. 2016;674:104–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.07.047</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kwak K., Mayama T., Mine Y., Takashima K. Anisotropy of strength and plasticity in lath martensite steel. Materials Scien­ce and Engineering: A. 2016;674:104–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.07.047</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jo K.-R., Seo E.-J., Sulistiyo D.H., Kim J.-K., Kim S.-W., De Cooman B.C. On the plasticity mechanisms of lath marten­sitic steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017;704: 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.08.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jo K.-R., Seo E.-J., Sulistiyo D.H., Kim J.-K., Kim S.-W., De Cooman B.C. On the plasticity mechanisms of lath marten­sitic steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017;704: 252–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.08.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jafarian H.R., Tarazkouhi M.F. Significant enhancement of tensile properties through combination of severe plastic deformation and reverse transformation in an ultrafine/nano grain lath martensitic steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017;686:113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jafarian H.R., Tarazkouhi M.F. Significant enhancement of tensile properties through combination of severe plastic deformation and reverse transformation in an ultrafine/nano grain lath martensitic steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2017;686:113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shamsujjoha M. Evolution of microstructures, dislocation density and arrangement during deformation of low carbon lath martensitic steels. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020;776:139039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamsujjoha M. Evolution of microstructures, dislocation density and arrangement during deformation of low carbon lath martensitic steels. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2020;776:139039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.139039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teplyakova L., Gershteyn G., Popova N., Kozlov E., Ignatenko L., Springer R., Schaper M., Bach Fr.-W. Scale‐dependent hierarchy of structural elements in the microstructure of thermomechanical treated ferritic steels with residual austenite. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik. 2009; 40(9):704–712. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200900503</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teplyakova L., Gershteyn G., Popova N., Kozlov E., Ignatenko L., Springer R., Schaper M., Bach Fr.-W. Scale‐dependent hierarchy of structural elements in the microstructure of thermomechanical treated ferritic steels with residual austenite. Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik. 2009; 40(9):704–712. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200900503</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morsdorf L., Jeannin O., Barbier D., Mitsuhara M., Raa­be D., Tasan C.C. Multiple mechanisms of lath martensite plasticity. Acta Materialia. 2016;121:202–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.09.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morsdorf L., Jeannin O., Barbier D., Mitsuhara M., Raa­be D., Tasan C.C. Multiple mechanisms of lath martensite plasticity. Acta Materialia. 2016;121:202–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2016.09.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Теплякова Л.А., Попова Н.А., Козлов Э.В. Локализация пластической деформации в отпущенных мартенситных сталях на крупномасштабных уровнях. Фундаментальные проблемы современного материаловедения. 2012; 9(4-2):659–663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teplyakova L.A., Popova N.A., Kozlov E.V. Localization of plastic deformation in tempered martensitic steels at large-scale levels. Fundamental problems of modern materials scien­ce. 2012;9(4-2):659–663. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Glezer А.M., Kozlov E.V., Koneva N.A., Popova N.A., Kurzina I.A. Plastic Deformation of Nanostructured Mate­rials. CRC Press; 2017:334.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Glezer А.M., Kozlov E.V., Koneva N.A., Popova N.A., Kurzina I.A. Plastic Deformation of Nanostructured Mate­rials. CRC Press; 2017:334.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Редикульцев А.А., Урицкий А.Г., Пузанов М.П., Беляевс­ких А.С. Формирование внутренней структуры в очаге деформации при прокатке монокристалла (110)[001] с ОЦК-решеткой. Известия вузов. Черная металлургия. 2017;60(3):207–215. https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2017-3-207-215</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Redikul’tsev A.A., Uritskii A.G., Puzanov M.P., Belyaevskikh A.S. Formation of internal structure in the deformation zone during rolling of the BCC single crystal (110)[001]. Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy. 2017;60(3):207–215. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2017-3-207-215</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Саданов Е.В. Кристаллогеометрия скольжения винтовых дислокаций в нанокристаллах вольфрама. Физика твердого тела. 2015;57(2):237–242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sadanov E.V. Crystal geometry of screw dislocation glide in tungsten nanocrystals. Physics of the Solid State. 2015;57(2): 249–254. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063783415020298</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Novák V., Šesták B., Zárubová N. Plasticity of high purity iron single crystals (II) surface observations. Crystal Research and Technology. 1984;19(6):793–807. https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170190611</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novák V., Šesták B., Zárubová N. Plasticity of high purity iron single crystals (II) surface observations. Crystal Research and Technology. 1984;19(6):793–807. https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.2170190611</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie K.Y., Wang Y., Ni S., Liao X., Cairney J.M., Ringer S.P. Insight into the deformation mechanisms of α-Fe at the nanoscale. Scripta Materialia. 2011;65(12):1037–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.08.023</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie K.Y., Wang Y., Ni S., Liao X., Cairney J.M., Ringer S.P. Insight into the deformation mechanisms of α-Fe at the nanoscale. Scripta Materialia. 2011;65(12):1037–1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.08.023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов Э.В., Попова Н.А., Игнатенко Л.Н., Гри­горье­ва Н.А., Ковалевская Т.А., Теплякова Л.А., Чухин Б.Д. Стадии пластической деформации, эволюция структуры и картина скольжения в сплавах с дисперсным упрочнением. Известия вузов. Физика. 1991;(3):112–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov E.V., Popova N.A., Ignatenko L.N., Grigor’eva N.A., Kovalevskaya T.A., Teplyakova L.A., Chukhin B.D. Stages of plastic deformation, structure evolution and sliding pattern in alloys with dispersed hardening. Izvestiya vuzov. Fizika. 1991;(3):112–128. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mine Y., Hirashita K., Takashima H., Matsuda M., Taka­shi­ma K. Micro-tension behaviour of lath martensite structures of carbon steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2013;560:535–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mine Y., Hirashita K., Takashima H., Matsuda M., Taka­shi­ma K. Micro-tension behaviour of lath martensite structures of carbon steel. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2013;560:535–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2012.09.099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Du C., Hoefnagels J.P.M., Vaes R., Geers M.G.D. Plasti­city of lath martensite by sliding of substructure boundaries. Scripta Materialia. 2016;120:37–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.04.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Du C., Hoefnagels J.P.M., Vaes R., Geers M.G.D. Plasti­city of lath martensite by sliding of substructure boundaries. Scripta Materialia. 2016;120:37–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.04.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Козлов Э.В., Теплякова Л.А., Попова Н.А., Игнатенко Л.Н., Клопотов А.А., Конева Н.А. Влияние типа субструктур на перераспределение углерода в стали мартенситного класса в ходе пластической деформации. Известия вузов. Физика. 2002;45(3):72–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov E.V., Teplyakova L.A., Popova N.A., Ignatenko L.N., Klopotov A.A., Koneva N.A. Influence of substructure type on carbon redistribution in martensitic steel during plastic deformation. Izvestiya vuzov. Fizika. 2002;45(3):72–86. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koneva N.A., Popova N.A., Nikonenko E.L. Internal stresses and their sources in BCC and FCC steels. Solid State Phenomena. 2020;303:128–142. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.303.128</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koneva N.A., Popova N.A., Nikonenko E.L. Internal stresses and their sources in BCC and FCC steels. Solid State Phenomena. 2020;303:128–142. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/SSP.303.128</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neuhäuser H. Slip-line formation and collective dislocation motion. In: Dislocations in Solids. 1983;6:319–440.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neuhäuser H. Slip-line formation and collective dislocation motion. In: Dislocations in Solids. 1983;6:319–440.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапскер И.А., Шаркеев Ю.П., Конева Н.А., Козлов Э.В. Электронно-микроскопический метод определения характеристик скольжения в зернах поликристаллов с ГЦК-решеткой. Заводская лаборатория. Диагностика материалов. 1998;(3):32–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lapsker I.A., Sharkeev Yu.P., Koneva N.A., Kozlov E.V. Electron microscopic method for determining the characte­ristics of sliding in grains of polycrystals with a fcc-lattice. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov. 1998;(3): 32–35. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
