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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">blackmet</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия высших учебных заведений. Черная Металлургия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0368-0797</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2410-2091</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17073/0368-0797-2023-1-50-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">blackmet-2478</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трансформация тонкой структуры пластинчатого перлита при деформации рельсовой стали</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transformation of fine structure of lamellar pearlite under deformation of rail steel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Громов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gromov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Евгеньевич Громов, д.ф.-м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor E. Gromov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Head of the Chair of Scien­ce named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gromov@physics.sibsiu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-6776</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксёнова</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenova</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Крестина Владимировна Аксёнова, к.т.н., доцент кафедры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krestina V. Aksenova, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assist. Prof. of the Chair of Scien­ce named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">19krestik91@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-7958</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Ю. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Yu. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юрий Федорович Иванов, д.ф.-м.н., профессор, главный научный сотрудник лаборатории плазменной эмиссионной электроники</p><p>Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академический 2/3</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yurii F. Ivanov, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Prof., Chief Researcher of the Laboratory of Plasma Emission Electronics</p><p>2/3 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yufi55@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>Р. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>R. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Вадимович Кузнецов, соискатель степени к.т.н. кафед­ры естественнонаучных дисциплин им. профессора В.М. Финкеля</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman V. Kuznetsov, Candidates for a degree of Cand. Sci. (Eng.) of the Chair of Science named after V.M. Finkel’</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mail@kuzmash.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5147-5343</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кормышев</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kormyshev</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Евгеньевич Кормышев, к.т.н., старший научный сотрудник Управления научных исследований</p><p>Россия, 654007, Кемеровская обл. – Кузбасс, Новокузнецк, ул. Кирова, 42</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasilii E. Kormyshev, Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Senior Researcher of Department of Scientific Researches</p><p>42 Kirova Str., Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass 654007, Russian Federation</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">89236230000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Сибирский государственный индустриальный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Siberian State Industrial University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт сильноточной электроники Сибирского отделения РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of High Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Громов В.Е., Аксёнова К.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., Кузнецов Р.В., Кормышев В.Е., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Громов В.Е., Аксёнова К.В., Иванов Ю.Ф., Кузнецов Р.В., Кормышев В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gromov V.E., Aksenova K.V., Ivanov Y.F., Kuznetsov R.V., Kormyshev V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2478">https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2478</self-uri><abstract><p>Дефектная субструктура поликристаллических тел обуславливает субструктурное упрочнение и механические свойства. Перлит, являющийся основной структурной составляющей рельсов, при деформационном воздействии подвергается значительному преобразованию, которое сопровождается целым рядом процессов. В настоящей работе методами современного физического материаловедения проведены исследования и анализ дефектной субструктуры перлита пластинчатой морфологии и свойств рельсовой стали, подвергнутой разрушению в условиях деформации одноосным растяжением плоских образцов. Установлено, что предел прочности изменяется от 1247 до 1335 МПа, а относительная деформация до разрушения – от 0,69 до 0,75. Наблюдается формирование трех зон поверхности разрушения: волокнистой, радиальной и зоны среза. Проанализированы их форма и размеры. Деформация рельсовой стали сопровождается разрушением пластин цементита колоний перлита и повторным выделением в объеме пластин феррита наноразмерных частиц третичного цементита размером приблизительно 8,3 нм. Основными механизмами разрушения пластин цементита являются разрезание и растворение. Дислокационная субструктура представлена хаотическим распределением дислокаций и их скоплениями. Скалярная плотность дислокаций в феррите увеличивается от 3,2·1010 см–2 в исходном состоянии до 7,9·1010 см–2 при разрушении. Деформация сопровождается формированием внутренних полей напряжений, проявляющихся в виде изгибных контуров экстинкции. Источниками полей напряжений являются границы раздела пластин цементита и феррита, а также границы зерен. Выявлена фрагментация пластин феррита и цементита. Средние размеры фрагментов цементита составляют 9,3 нм. В зоне разрушения образца рельсовой стали отмечено вращение зерен перлита, свидетельствующее о наличии ротационной моды деформации. На электронно-микроскопических изображениях пластин цементита наблюдается изменение контраста, что может быть связано с образованием атмосфер Коттрелла.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The defective substructure of polycrystalline bodies preconditions substructural hardening and mechanical properties. Pearlite, which is the main structural component of rails, is subjected under deformation to considerable transformation accompanied by a number of processes. In the present work, methods of the modern physical materials science were used to study and analyze the defective substructure of pearlite with lamellar morphology and properties of rail steel subjected to fracture under the conditions of uniaxial tensile strain of flat samples. It was established that the ultimate strength changes from 1247 to 1335 MPa, and the relative strain-to-fracture is from 0.69 to 0.75. The formation of three zones of the fracture surface is observed: fibrous, radial and shear zones. Their shapes and sizes have been analyzed. The deformation of rail steel is accompanied by fracture of cementite plates of pearlite colonies and re-precipitation of nanosized particles of tertiary cementite about 8.3 nm in size in the volume of ferrite plates. The main mechanisms of cementite plate fracture are cutting and dissolution. Dislocation substructure is represented by chaotic distribution of dislocations and their clusters. Scalar density of dislocations in ferrite increases from 3.2·1010 cm-2 in the initial state to 7.9·1010 cm–2 at failure. Deformation is accompanied by the formation of internal stress fields which manifest themselves as bending contours of extinction. The sources of stress fields are the interfaces of cementite and ferrite plates as well as grain interfaces. Fragmentation of ferrite and cementite plates has been revealed. The average size of cementite fragments is 9.3 nm. In the fracture zone of the rail steel sample, rotation of pearlite grains has been noted, indicating the presence of a rotational mode of strain. The electron microscopic images of cementite plates show a change in the contrast, which may be related to formation of the Cottrell atmospheres.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тонкая структура</kwd><kwd>перлит</kwd><kwd>деформация</kwd><kwd>эволюция</kwd><kwd>цементит</kwd><kwd>фрагментация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fine structure</kwd><kwd>perlite</kwd><kwd>strain by uniaxial tension</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>cementite</kwd><kwd>fragmentation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена при поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант № 19-32-60001) и стипендии Президента Российской Федерации для молодых ученых и аспирантов, осуществляющих перспективные научные исследования и разработки по приоритетным направлениям модернизации российской экономики (проект СП-4517.2021.1).  	Выражаем благодарность Е.А. Полевому за предоставленные образцы рельсовой стали и Н.А. Поповой за помощь в обсуждении результатов эксперимента.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was supported by a grant of the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (project No. 19-32-60001) and the scholarship of the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and postgraduate students carrying out promising scientific research and developments in priority areas of modernization of the Russian economy (project SP-4517.2021.1).  	The authors express their gratitude to E.A. Polevoi for providing the samples of rail steel and N.A. Popova for participation in discussion of the experimental results.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конева Н.А., Тришкина Л.И., Козлов Э.В. Физика субструктурного и зернограничного упрочнения. 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