blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2022-12-887-894blackmet-2454Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕMATERIAL SCIENCEМеханизмы упрочнения 12 %-ой хромистой ферритно-мартенситной стали ЭП-823Mechanisms of hardening of 12 % chromium ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-4362АлмаеваК. В.AlmaevaK. V.

Ксения Викторовна Алмаева, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории материаловедения сплавов с памятью формы

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Kseniya V. Almaeva, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys

2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

kseni_ya_almaeva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-3719ЛитовченкоИ. Ю.LitovchenkoI. Yu.

Игорь Юрьевич Литовченко, д.ф.-м.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией материаловедения сплавов с памятью формы

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Igor’ Yu. Litovchenko, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assist. Prof., Head of the Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys

2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

litovchenko@ispms.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-5469ПолехинаН. А.PolekhinaN. A.

Надежда Александровна Полехина, к.ф.-м.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории материаловедения сплавов с памятью формы

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Nadezhda A. Polekhina, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Research Associate of the Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys

2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

nadejda89tsk@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-1553ЛинникВ. В.LinnikV. V.

Валерия Васильевна Линник, инженер-исследователь лаборатории материаловедения сплавов с памятью формы

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Valeriya V. Linnik, Research Engineer of the Laboratory of Materials Science of Shape Memory Alloys

2/4 Akademicheskii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

lera.linnik.1999@mail.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2022311220226512887894Copyright © Алмаева К.В., Литовченко И.Ю., Полехина Н.А., Линник В.В., 20232023Алмаева К.В., Литовченко И.Ю., Полехина Н.А., Линник В.В.Almaeva K.V., Litovchenko I.Y., Polekhina N.A., Linnik V.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2454

На основе экспериментальных данных о параметрах микроструктуры реакторной жаропрочной высокохромистой (12 % Cr) ферритно-мартенситной стали ЭП-823 выявлены основные факторы, отвечающие за ее прочностные свойства. Проведен анализ механизмов упрочнения этой стали после обработки по режимам, которые обеспечивают различный уровень ее прочностных свойств. Рассматриваются традиционная термическая обработка (ТТО) и перспективная модифицирующая высокотемпературная термомеханическая обработка (ВТМО). Основными механизмами упрочнения стали независимо от режима обработки являются: дисперсное упрочнение наноразмерными частицами типа МeХ (Me = V, Nb, Mo; X = C, N) по механизму Орована; зернограничное упрочнение высокоугловыми границами мартенситных блоков и зерен феррита; субструктурное упрочнение малоугловыми границами мартенситных ламелей; дислокационное упрочнение за счет повышенной плотности дислокаций. Режим ВТМО, включающий в себя горячую деформацию в аустенитной области, приводит к существенной модификации структурно-фазового состояния стали относительно ТТО: уменьшению средних размеров блоков и ламелей мартенсита, а также зерен феррита, повышению плотности дислокаций и объемной доли наноразмерных частиц типа МeХ. При этом соответствующие вклады в значение предела текучести стали от зернограничного, субструктурного и дисперсного упрочнения увеличиваются по сравнению с ТТО в 1,2, 1,3 и 1,8 раз. Обсуждаются относительные вклады рассматриваемых механизмов упрочнения в предел текучести ферритно-мартенситной стали ЭП-823. Показано, что наиболее близкие к экспериментальному пределу текучести значения после двух исследованных режимов обработки получаются при использовании для оценки величины субструктурного упрочнения модели Лэнгфорда-Коэна.

Based on experimental data on microstructure parameters of the reactor high-strength high-chromium (12 % Cr) ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823, the authors identified the main factors responsible for its strength properties. The hardening mechanisms of this steel were analyzed after processing according to the modes that provide different level of steel strength properties. Traditional heat treatment (THT) and promising modifying high-temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) are considered. The main mechanisms of steel hardening, regardless of the processing mode, are: dispersed hardening by nanoscale particles of the MeX type (Me = V, Nb, Mo; X = C, N) by the Orovana mechanism; grain-boundary hardening by high-angle boundaries of martensitic blocks and ferrite grains; substructural hardening by small-angle boundaries of martensitic lamellae; dislocation hardening by increased dislocation density. HTMT mode, which includes hot deformation in the austenitic area, leads to a significant modification of the structural-phase state of steel relative to THT: a decrease in the average size of blocks and lamellae of martensite, as well as ferrite grains, an increase in the density of dislocations and the volume fraction of nanoscale particles of the MeX type. At the same time, the corresponding contributions to value of the steel yield strength from grain boundary, substructural and dispersed hardening increase by 1.2, 1.3 and 1.8 times in comparison with THT. The relative contributions of the considered hardening mechanisms to the yield strength of ferritic-martensitic steel EP-823 were discussed. The values closest to the experimental yield strength after two treatment modes studied are obtained when the Langford-Cohen model is used to estimate the magnitude of substructural hardening.

ферритно-мартенситная сталь ЭП-823механизмы упрочнениявысокотемпературная термомеханическая обработкадисперсное упрочнениесубструктурное упрочнениезернограничное упрочнениедислокационное упрочнениетвердорастворное упрочнениеferritic-martensitic steel EP-823hardening mechanismshigh-temperature thermomechanical treatmentdispersed hardeningsubstructural hardeninggrain boundary hardeningdislocation hardeningsolid-solution hardeningРабота выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИФПМ СО РАН, тема № FWRW-2021-0008. Исследования выполнены на оборудовании ЦКП «Нанотех» ИФПМ СО РАН.The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, project FWRW-2021-0008. 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