blackmetИзвестия высших учебных заведений. Черная МеталлургияIzvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy0368-07972410-2091National University of Science and Technology "MISIS"10.17073/0368-0797-2022-12-869-878blackmet-2452Research ArticleМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕMATERIAL SCIENCEЗакономерности деформационного γ → αʹ мартенситного превращения в аустенитной нержавеющей стали, полученной методом электронно-лучевого аддитивного производстваDeformation-induced γ → αʹ-martensitic transformation in austenitic stainless steel obtained by electron beam additive manufacturehttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-6055МельниковЕ. В.Mel’nikovE. V.

Евгений Васильевич Мельников, младший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Evgenii V. Mel’nikov, Junior Researcher of the Laboratory of Physics of Hierarchical Structures in Metals and Alloys

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

melnickow-jenya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-3777АстафуровС. В.AstafurovS. V.

Сергей Владимирович Астафуров, к.ф.-м.н., старший научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Sergei V. Astafurov, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math), Senior Researcher of the Laboratory of Physics of Hierarchical Structures in Metals and Alloys

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

svastafurov@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-9754МайерГ. Г.MaierG. G.

Галина Геннадьевна Майер, к.ф.-м.н., научный сотрудник лаборатории физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Galina G. Maier, Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math), Research Associate of Laboratory of Physics of Hierarchical Structures in Metals and Alloys

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

galinazg@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7288-3656КолубаевЕ. А.KolubaevE. A.

Евгений Александрович Колубаев, д.т.н., директор

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Evgenii A. Kolubaev, Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Director

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

eak@ispms.tsc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1995-4205АстафуроваЕ. Г.AstafurovaE. G.

Елена Геннадьевна Астафурова, д.ф.-м.н., доцент, заведующий лабораторией физики иерархических структур в металлах и сплавах

Россия, 634055, Томск, пр. Академичес­кий, 2/4

Elena G. Astafurova, Dr. Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Assist. Prof., Head of the Laboratory of Physics of Hierarchical Structures in Metals and Alloys

2/4 Akademiches­kii Ave., Tomsk 634055, Russian Federation

elena.g.astafurova@ispms.ruИнститут физики прочности и материаловедения Сибирского отделения РАНРоссияInstitute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2022311220226512869878Copyright © Мельников Е.В., Астафуров С.В., Майер Г.Г., Колубаев Е.А., Астафурова Е.Г., 20232023Мельников Е.В., Астафуров С.В., Майер Г.Г., Колубаев Е.А., Астафурова Е.Г.Mel’nikov E.V., Astafurov S.V., Maier G.G., Kolubaev E.A., Astafurova E.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://fermet.misis.ru/jour/article/view/2452

В работе изучается взаимосвязь деформационного упрочнения и кинетики деформационного γ→αʹ фазового превращения в хромоникелевой стали 06Х19Н9Т, полученной методом электронно-лучевого аддитивного производства, в условиях одноосного статического растяжения при комнатной температуре и при температуре кипения жидкого азота. Аддитивно-произведенная сталь имеет двухфазную (γ + δ)-структуру с повышенным содержанием δ-феррита (≈14 %). Постпроизводственная термическая обработка при 1100 °С (в течение 1 ч) позволяет уменьшить объемное содержание δ-феррита до 6 %, то есть сформировать в стали преимущественно аустенитную структуру, близкую к полученным традиционными металлургическими методами аналогам. Пластическая деформация аддитивно-произведенной стали сопровождается формированием деформационного αʹ-мартенсита, объемная доля которого возрастает с увеличением степени пластической деформации и с понижением температуры испытания. С использованием метода магнитофазового анализа показано, что при комнатной температуре кинетика деформационного γ→αʹ-превращения «вялая» (низкая) и она (так же, как стадийность и коэффициент деформационного упрочнения) слабо зависит от содержания δ-феррита в структуре стали, полученной аддитивным методом. При этом повышенное содержание δ-фазы при этих условиях деформирования способствует росту предела текучести и снижает удлинение до разрушения аддитивно-полученных образцов. При низкотемпературной деформации, когда наблюдается быстрая кинетика деформационного γ→αʹ-превращения, в стали с большей объемной долей δ-феррита образование αʹ-мартенсита при пластической деформации идет медленнее, а деформационное упрочнение слабее, чем в образцах с малым содержанием δ-фазы.

The relationship between strain hardening and kinetics of deformation γ → αʹ phase transformation in chromium-nickel steel Fe–19Cr–9Ni–0.7Ti–0.06C wt. % obtained by electron beam additive manufacture was studied under uniaxial static tension at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature. Additively-produced steel had a two-phase (γ + δ) structure with an increased content of δ-ferrite (≈14 %). Post-production heat treatment at 1100 °С (for 1 h) allowed to reduce its volume content down to 6 %, that is, a predominantly austenitic structure in steel was close to those for analogues obtained by traditional metallurgical methods. Plastic deformation of additively-produced steel was accompanied by the formation of deformation αʹ-martensite, the volume fraction of which increased with an increase in the strain and with a decrease in the test temperature. Using the method of magnetophase analysis, it was shown that at room temperature, kinetics of the deformation γ → αʹ transformation was sluggish and it, as well as the stage and magnitude of the strain hardening, weakly depended on the content of δ-ferrite in the structure of steel obtained by the additive method. At the same time, increased content of the δ-phase under these deformation conditions contributed to an increase in the yield strength and reduced elongation to failure of the additively obtained samples. At low-temperature deformation, when the rapid kinetics of deformation γ → αʹ transformation was observed, the formation rate of αʹ-martensite under plastic deformation was slower and strain hardening was weaker in steel with a larger volume fraction of δ-ferrite than those in the samples with low content of δ-phase.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.